Damien—See DeVeuster, Joseph Damien.
Damon, Ethel Moseley (1883—1965)—Descendant of Samuel Chenery Damon (1815—1885); graduated from Wellesley College (1909); worked as a teacher at Punahou; in 1917, began two years of service in France with the American Red Cross; her work with refugees earned her the award of the Belgian Order of Elizabeth; wrote Koamalu: A Story of Pioneers on Kauai and of What They Built in That Island Garden. (Volume 1. Privately Printed, Honolulu, 1931); also published Letters from the Life of Abner and Lucy Wilcox, 1836-1869 (Honolulu: privately printed, 1950). (See Hanalei History, Chapter 2.)
Damon, Francis Williams (1852—1915)—Son of Samuel Chenery Damon (1815—1885); in 1884, married Mary R. Happar; the couple assisted in establishing the First Chinese Church of Christ; taught English to Chinese boys in their own residence beginning in 1892; their home/school was later named Mills School; Okamura School and Kawaiahao [Kawaiaha‘o] Girl’s Seminary were later joined with Mills School to begin what is today called Mid-Pacific Institute; with Julia Montague Cooke Atherton, helped to establish, in the Hawaiian Islands, the Free Kindergarten Association.
Damon, Harriet M. (Baldwin)—Wife of Samuel Mills Damon (1845—1924), who she married in 1872; they had (at least) ten children.
Damon, Julia Sherman (Mills)—Married Samuel Chenery Damon (1815—1885) in 1841
Damon, Mary R. (Happar)—Married Francis Williams Damon (1852—1915) in 1884; the couple assisted in establishing the First Chinese Church of Christ; taught English to Chinese boys in their own residence beginning in 1892; their home/school was later named Mills School; Okamura School and Kawaiahao [Kawaiaha‘o] Girl’s Seminary were later joined with Mills School to begin what is today called Mid-Pacific Institute; with Julia Montague Cooke Atherton, helped to establish, in the Hawaiian Islands, the Free Kindergarten Association.
Damon, Samuel Chenery (1815—1885)—Born in Massachusetts, attended Amherst College and then Andover Theological Seminary; ordained in 1841; married Julia Sherman Mills in 1841; and in 1842 they moved to Honolulu to at the direction of the American Seamen’s Friend Society, where Samuel served as the chaplain at Oahu [O‘ahu] Bethel Church for 42 years; Samuel and Julia Damon had five children including Samuel Mills Damon (1845—1924) and Francis Williams Damon; in 1843, Samuel Chenery Damon founded The Friend and served as editor and publisher of the monthly journal, which continued to be published for more than 100 years. (See Early Publications, Chapter 12.)
Damon, Samuel Mills (1845—1924)—Born in Honolulu to Samuel Chenery Damon (1815—1885); attended Punahou School; worked as a clerk at W. N. Ladd & Company; in 1872, married Harriet M. Baldwin and they would have (at least) ten children; began working for Bank of Bishop & Company in 1871, becoming a partner in 1881, then serving as head of the company beginning in 1894 when Charles Reed Bishop (1822—1915) moved to California and Damon purchased his interest in the firm, eventually also directing numerous large sugarcane plantations; in 1887, became King Kalākaua’s Minister of Finance, then continued to serve at the post during the time of the Provisional Government and into the era of the Republic of Hawai‘i; along with A. Garvie and landscape architect Donald MacIntyre, built the first golf course in the Hawaiian Islands in 1898 in Moanalua Valley, O‘ahu; during the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, Damon advised Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani] to relinquish her authority; sent to London in 1897 to represent the deposed Queen Lili‘uokalani at Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee; created Moanalua Gardens at his estate west of Honolulu on the land that was bequeathed to him by Princess Pauahi [Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop] (1831—1884).
Dampier, Robert (1800—1874)—Ship’s artist on the 46-gun frigate H.M.S. Blonde, which was under the command of Lord George Anson Byron (1749—1858), sent to the Hawaiian Islands to bring the bodies of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho) and Queen Kamāmalu [Kamāmalunuiomano] back from London, arriving back in the Hawaiian Islands on May 3, 1825; Dampier produced numerous drawings of the Hawaiian Islands and kept a journal; his account was edited by Pauline King Joerger and published in To the Sandwich Islands on H.M.S. “Blond” (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1971).
Darrow, Clarence—Renowned criminal lawyer; represented the defendants Lieutenent Thomas H. Massie (husband of Thalia Massie (c.1910—1963)), Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue, E. J. Lord, and Albert O. Jones, who were accused of the murder of Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was awaiting retrial on charges of criminal assault of 20-year-old Thalia Massie; the events of the Massie case began when Thalia and Thomas attended a party on September 12, 1931 at Honolulu’s Ala Wai Inn (a Honolulu nightclub formerly on the site of the present location of the Hawai‘i Convention Center), and was later found beaten and assaulted with her jaw broken in two places; Thalia Massie told authorities that she had been forced into a car and taken to Ala Moana Park where she was raped; five plantation workers who allegedly raped Thalia Massie (a Caucasian) were detained that night and taken to her hospital room, where she apparently identified the driver of the car, though later evidence claimed she only identified the attackers as “Hawaiian”; a medical report did not show any evidence of rape; further, there were rumors that Thalia’s husband had discovered her with another man, and had himself beaten her; the detained men, who were charged with criminal assault, were: Joseph Kahāhāwai [Kehahawai] (Joe Kalani) (Hawaiian); Shomatsu (Horace) Ida (Japanese); Henry Chang (Chinese-Hawaiian); Ben Ahakuelo, Hawaiian; and David Takai (Japanese-Hawaiian); the defendants were represented by Heen, William Haehae Heen (1883—1973); despite evidence pointing to the innocence of the detained men, they were assumed guilty by the national press, which ran stories about the brute locals preying on white women; the accused men were later set free due to lack of evidence, with a deadlocked jury that had taken 97 ballots in more than 100 hours of deliberation, on December 6, 1931, it was determined that the jury was deadlocked and could not agree on a conviction, and a mistrial was declared; the release of the accused men fueled racial tensions and violence in Honolulu, including animosity between the military and local residents; the story garnered national attention; while a retrial was still pending, Shomatsu (Horace) Ida was kidnapped and beaten on December 12, 1931; on January 8, 1932, one of the defendants, 20-year-old Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was said to have been the leader of the “School Street gang,” was kidnapped by Thalia Massie’s husband and mother and two Navy men; Kahāhāwai taken to a home in MānoaValley that had been rented by Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue (Thalia’s mother), and there Kahāhāwai was shot and killed; they placed the slain Kahāhāwai’s body in the trunk of their car and drove toward the rocky coastline near Koko Crater where they planned to dump the body; during the drive they were stopped by police and Kahāhāwai’s body was discovered in the back of the car; all four—Lieutenent Thomas H. Massie (husband of Thalia Massie), Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue, E. J. Lord, and Albert O. Jones—were indicted for second degree murder; Thomas H. Massie took responsibility for shooting Kahāhāwai, but his lawyer, the renowned Clarence Darrow, told the court his client was temporarily insane; the four were convicted on April 30, 1932 of manslaughter (with a recommendation of leniency) after 49 hours of deliberation by a jury under Judge Charles S. Davis, and they were sentenced to ten years hard labor at Oahu [O‘ahu] Prison; Governor Lawrence Judd (1877—1968) immediately commuted the sentence to one hour, to be served in his office; the attack on Thalia Massie, as well as the subsequent vigilante action and controversial court decisions contributed to racial tensions in the Islands for years to come; Thalia Massie later lived in Florida where she committed suicide in 1963.
Davies, Theophilus Harris (1833—1898)—Born in England; came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1856 at age 23 from Britain to work under a five year contract with a Honolulu merchandising business run by Robert Janion (with partners); Janion returned to England, and then in 1868, Davies opened a store called Theo H. Davies (Janion was a partner); Janion, Green & Company and Theo H. Davies merged, and then in 1894 incorporated, at the time serving as financial agents for 22 sugar plantations in the Hawaiian Islands; befriended of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); member of the Episcopal Church of Honolulu and prominent Honolulu businessman; having earned a large amount of money, Davies moved to England where he served as the guardian of Princess Ka‘iulani when she attended boarding school there; after the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in 1893, Davies accompanied the 17-year-old Princess Ka‘iulani (who was in England at the time) to Washington D.C. to appeal to President Grover Cleveland for the restoration of the monarchy (she was heir to the throne); Cleveland eventually ordered the monarchy restored, though this never occurred; Theo H. Davies & Company was one of Hawai‘i’s “Big Five” companies (the other four were American Factors (Amfac); C. Brewer & Co.; Alexander & Baldwin; and Castle & Cooke); with their interlocking directorates, the “Big Five” companies cooperated to control every aspect of their trade, from the workers in the fields to the laws and politics of the Hawaiian Kingdom; in 1933, the amount of land in the Hawaiian Islands dedicated to sugar production totaled more than 250,000 acres (101,170 ha), and about 96 percent of the sugar crop was controlled by the “Big Five” companies (see The Sugarcane Era, Chapter 12).
Davies, William—Captain of the steamer Waimanalo; on January 3, 1895, Colonel Samuel Nowlein, an advisor to Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani], informed fellow revolutionist Prince Kūhiō [Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi] (1871-1922) that officers of the Republic of Hawai‘i had discovered that they were planning to stage a counter-revolution to restore the rule of Queen Lili‘uokalani (who had been deposed in 1893), and that the officers knew of the arms and ammunition that were going to be used for this purpose and that these arms were on the Waimanalo offshore of O‘ahu; Prince Kūhiō, with Robert W. Wilcox (1855—1903) and John Henry Wise (1869—1937), then sailed out to the Waimanalo in a canoe at Queen Lili‘uokalani’s Waikīkī boathouse; the weapons had been loaded into two boats; under the command of Wilcox, the two boats sailed for Moloka‘i until out of sight of the Waimanalo, then headed to Kāhala where the men buried the weapons under the sand; [on January 6, 1895, a small group of royalists, mostly native Hawaiians in support Queen Lili‘uokalani, attempted a counter-revolution to overthrow the Republic and restore the Queen; the uprising apparently took place without the participation of Queen Lili‘uokalani, who denied any involvement; hundreds of men were arrested; on January 7, 1895, Martial Law was declared and a military commission was appointed to court-martial Queen Lili‘uokalani and others; in all, 37 people were found guilty of treason and open rebellion, 141 guilty of treason, and 12 guilty of misprision; twenty-two people were exiled to the United States].
Davis, Isaac [‘Aikake] (1758—1810)—Tied to a canoe and left half blind and nearly dead when Kame‘eiamoku attacked the Fair American, which was under the command of Simon Metcalfe’s 18-year-old son, Thomas, who was killed with all of the Fair American’s crew except Davis (the boatswain); it is said that Davis’ life was spared because of his brave fighting; Simon Metcalfe left his boatswain, John Young (I) (later known as ‘Olohana) (c.1749—1835), onshore and sailed away from the Hawaiian Islands without knowing if his son has been killed; the Fair American was then taken over by King Kamehameha I; [Simon Metcalfe was a pioneer trader on America’s Northwest Coast; in command of the snow Eleanora in the Hawaiian Islands in 1790 when one of his skiffs was stolen by the chief Ka‘ōpūiki; to exact revenge, Metcalfe lured many natives in canoes to his ship to trade, and then opened cannon fire on them, killing more than 100 Hawaiians (this later came to be known as the Olowalu Massacre); off the coast of Hawai‘i Island, Metcalfe then punished Kame‘eiamoku (a high chief, and one of the sacred twins of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]) by whipping him; some weeks later, Kame‘eiamoku sought his revenge by attacking the Fair American]; fought on the side of the young warrior Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I) against the warriors of Kalanikūpule and Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Keawe-Ka‘iana a ‘Ahu‘ula; Ka‘iana] in the 1795 invasion of O‘ahu, manning the cannons in the Battle of Nu‘uanu along with Peter Anderson and John Young (I) [‘Olohana] (c.1749—1835); grandfather of Isaac Young Davis; died after apparently being poisoned for warning Kaua‘i’s vassal ruler Kaumuali‘i of a plot against his life (this occurred when Kaumuali‘i went to O‘ahu to cede Kaua‘i to King Kamehameha I); Davis’ daughter, Betty, was married to Kaumuali‘i’s son, George Prince Kaumuali‘i (Humehume); after Isaac Davis (‘Aikake) died, the three children from his second marriage were adopted by John Young (I) [‘Olohana] (c.1749—1835).
Davis, Isaac Young (1824—1882)—Grandson of Isaac Davis [‘Aikake], who was attacked on the Fair American by Kame‘eiamoku (a high chief, and one of the sacred twins of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]) in retaliation for the 1790 “Olowalu Massacre” by Simon Metcalfe; with Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, Isaac Young Davis was the father of Kaeolaokalani, who died at the age of six months.
Davis, Louis E.—Architect; designed the Honolulu Police Station (now City Departments), which was constructed at 842 Bethel Street (at Merchant Street) in 1931, replacing the 1886 police station; the Honolulu Police Station was built at a cost of $235,000 and was used by the Honolulu Police Department until they moved to the old Sears store in 1967; judges chambers are located on the second and third floors; the building’s style is Spanish Colonial Revival, also called Spanish Mission Revival; the building is notable for its interior tilework (ceramic tile wainscoting) and cornice-work as well as wrought iron and cast-concrete balconies, window grilles made of perforated concrete and metal, a coffered wooden ceiling, and an exterior staircase; the station’s front door is more than 18 feet (5.5 m) tall, and adorned with terra cotta scrolls and columns; eleven tons (10 mtons) of Roja Alacante marble for the interior of the Honolulu Police Station came from France, and the doors were made from Philippines mahogany; previously a brick building was on the same site, and had cells in the basement; the lot was originally purchased by King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] in 1885; in 1973, the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Davis, William—Navigator of the winning plane in the Dole Air Derby, held on August 16, 1927; the pilot was Art Goebel; billed as the first trans-oceanic flight race, with entrants competing for the prizes of $25,000 and $10,000, which were offered by James Drummond Dole, president of Hawaiian Pineapple Company; eight planes left Oakland, California for the Hawaiian Islands; this was the first race from the United States Mainland to the Hawaiian Islands; a total of ten lives were lost when two planes crashed on take-off; two planes encountered difficulties and had to turn back; and two planes disappeared over the Pacific Ocean; Goebel and Davis flew the monoplane Woolaroc, finishing with just 4 gallons (15 liters) of fuel to spare; taking second place was Martin Jensen (with navigator Paul Schluter) in the Aloha. (See Aviation, Chapter 12.)
Davis, William Heath—Along with Jonathan and Nathan Winship, signed a contract with King Kamehameha I in 1812, granting them exclusive rights to export and sell sandalwood from all of the Hawaiian Islands except Kaua‘i; Jonathan and Nathan Winship first visited the Hawaiian Islands in 1806; under the command of Jonathan Winship, the O’Cain, a Boston trading ship, arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in the spring of 1806; chief mate of the ship was Jonathan’s brother, Nathan Winship; the brothers returned to O‘ahu in October of 1806; in the spring of 1810, Nathan returned as captain of the Albatross, and transported Kaua‘i’s ruler, Kamuali‘i, to O‘ahu so he could cede his land to
Day, A. Grove—Author; wrote and edited dozens of books; wrote: Rascals in Paradise (with James A. Michener); Hawaii and Its People; Hawaii, Fiftieth Star; Hawaii: A History (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948, 1961, with Ralph S. Kuykendall (1885—1963)); Books About Hawaii: Fifty Basic Authors; and History Makers of Hawaii: A Biographical Dictionary (Honolulu: Mutual Publishing, March, 1984) (an important source for this glossary).
D’Castro, Juan Elliot—First trained foreign doctor in the Hawaiian Islands; became the physician and secretary of King Kamehameha I in 1811; previously a surgeon on merchant and naval vessels at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro.
Dean, Arthur L.—Served as President of the College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] (1914—1927); [the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts was established in downtown Honolulu in 1907 (opening on September 15, 1908) as a result of a resolution introduced in the Legislature by Senator William Joseph Coelho; it was renamed College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1911, and renamed the University of Hawai‘i in 1920].
Desha, Elizabeth—Daughter of Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) and Mary Kaakopua (Kekumano) Desha; sister of Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957) and John R. Desha.
Desha, Eliza “Laika” Hoa (Brewer)—Wife of John Rollin Langhern Desha; they would have three children, including Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (July 11, 1859—1934); John and Laika arrived in Hawaiian Islands on November 5, 1847.
Desha, Hattie (Kamaka)—First wife of Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934); passed away due to tuberculosis a few months after they were married.
Desha, John R.—Son of Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) and Mary Kaakopua (Kekumano) Desha; brother of Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957) and Elizabeth Desha; graduated from Harvard University; served as secretary for Prince Kūhiō [Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi] (1871-1922); founded Desha & Desha law firm with Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957) (his brother) in 1919; judge.
Desha, John Rollin Langhern—Son of Joseph Desha (governor of Kentucky); married Eliza “Laika” Hoa (Brewer) Desha and they would have three children, including Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934); John and Laika arrived in Hawaiian Islands on November 5, 1847; employed as a druggist; later worked as a purveyor; beginning in 1860 worked at Queen’s Hospital as a nurse; father of Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934); passed away in December of 1871.
Desha, Joseph—Governor of Kentucky; father of John Rollin Langhern Desha.
Desha, Julia (Keonaona)—Married Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) (his fourth wife) in 1915.
Desha, Mary Kaakopua (Kekumano)—Married Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) (his second wife) in 1884; they had three children, including Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957), John R. Desha, and Elizabeth Desha.
Desha, Rose (Kapu)—Widow; married Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) (his third wife) in 1907; passed away due to a heart problem in 1909.
Desha, Stephen Langhern (Jr.) (1885—1957)—Born on Hawai‘i Island at Nāpō‘opo‘o to Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) and Mary Kaakopua (Kekumano) Desha; brother of John R. Desha and Elizabeth Desha; attended Kamehameha School for Boys and then Punahou School; public school teacher; clerk at District Court of South Hilo (1910—1913); earned a bachelor degree in law from George Washington University (1917); founded Desha & Desha law firm with Judge John R. Desha (his brother) in 1919; South Hilo district judge and United States Commissioner (1920—1934); went to San Francisco Theological Seminary in 1934 and joined the ministry; in 1950, succeeded his father as pastor of Hilo’s Haili Church. (See Desha, Stephen Langhern (Sr.))
Desha, Stephen Langhern (Sr.) (July 11, 1859—July 22, 1934)—Born on Maui to John Rollin Langhern Desha and Eliza “Laika” Hoa (Brewer) Desha; educated at Royal School beginning at age 11; graduated in 1883 from Honolulu’s North Pacific Missionary Institute (operated by the Hawaiian Evangelical Association); married Hattie Kamaka, who passed away a few months later from tuberculosis; in 1884, married Mary Kaakopua Kekumano and they would have three children, including Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957); John R. Desha, and Elizabeth Desha; married Rose Kapu (a widow) in 1907, and she died of a heart problem in 1909; married Julia Keonaona in 1915; pastor of Kona’s Napoopoo [Nāpō‘opo‘o] Church (1884—1889); pastor of Haili Church (1889—July 22, 1934); known as a gifted orator; entered Territorial Senate (Republican) in 1913; re-elected for the next 21 years; became editor and president of the Hawaiian-language newspaper Ka Hoku o Hawaii [The Star of Hawai‘i] in 1907; [the paper was published from 1906 to 1948]; when Prince Kūhiō [Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi] passed away in 1922, Desha delivered the final prayer and farewell at the memorial service at Kawaiaha‘o Church.
Dikon, Roger—One of twelve Island chefs who founded Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Inc. in August of 1991 on Maui; the twelve chefs who formed the association developed a world-class cuisine centering around fresh local fish and high-quality, locally-grown vegetables and herbs as well as exotic Island fruits, and utilizing a blend of hybrid cooking styles and culinary techniques from both the Eastern and Western traditions; Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine has now won numerous major international culinary awards; the twelve chefs that conceptualized Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine are Sam Choy, Mark Ellman, Roger Dikon, Beverly Gannon, Jean-Marie Josselin, Amy Ferguson Ota, George Mavrothalassitis, Philippe Padovani, Peter Merriman, Gary Strehl, Roy Yamaguchi, and Alan Wong. (See Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Chapter 12.)
DeVeuster, Joseph Damien [Father Damien]—Belgian priest; volunteered in 1873 to minister to the needy at the Kalaupapa leper (Hansen’s disease) colony; [in 1865, the first victims of Hansen’s disease (leprosy) in the Hawaiian Islands arrived at Kalawao on Moloka‘i’s Kalaupapa Peninsula, beginning the practice of segregating patients at the remote site; Hansen’s disease is caused by the slow-growing bacterium Mycobacterium leprae; over the following decades, nearly 9,000 Hansen’s disease patients were quarantined at Kalaupapa, Peninsula, which is located along Moloka‘i’s north-central coast, and is surrounded on three sides by ocean and on the other side by cliffs rising up 2,000 to 3,000 feet (610 to 914 m)]; in 1874, built Our Lady of Sorrows Catholic Church at Kalua‘aha, Moloka‘i on the site of Moloka‘i’s first Christian mission; served tirelessly to help the residents of Kalaupapa; died there of leprosy 16 years later, in 1889; body exhumed in 1936 on Moloka‘i and sent to Belgium; bones from Father Damien’s hand were reinterred on Moloka‘i; today Father Damien’s spirit lives on as one of Hawai‘i’s beloved heroes; referred to as the “Martyr of Moloka‘i,” Father Damien is immortalized in a statue that faces Beretania St. on O‘ahu, in front of the State Capitol Building, and another statue in Washington D.C.’s National Statuary Hall; Pope John Paul II beatified Father Damien on June 4, 1995 in Brussels, Belgium, bringing the priest one step closer to sainthood. (See Heroes of Kalaupapa—Father Damien and Mother Marianne, Chapter 12.)
Dibble, Sheldon (1809—1845)—Reverend; missionary; served on Hawai‘i Island at the Hilo mission station (which was established in 1824); history teacher at Maui’s Lahainaluna Seminary, which was founded in 1831 by American Protestant missionaries as a seminary of advanced education for young Hawaiian men, with an overarching missionary goal of advancing Christianity; had his students collect oral histories from their own elders and other native Hawaiians; resulted in the gathering of a great deal of information about the pre-contact past of the Hawaiian Islands; in 1838, published Ka Moolele Hawaii, a history of the Hawaiian Islands written in the Hawaiian language (mo‘o ‘ōlelo means “story” or “history”[i]); the book was translated into English a few years later and then published in the Hawaiian Spectator newspaper; in 1839, published A History and General Views of the Sandwich Islands Mission (New York: Taylor & Dodd), and then in 1843, History of the Sandwich Islands (Lahaina, Maui: Press of the Mission Seminary); Dibble’s historical reports were developed with the assistance of two particularly prolific Lahainaluna students, David Malo (c.1793-1853) and Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (1815-1876). (See Early Publications, Chapter 12.)
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Dickey, Charles H.—Installed the first commercial telegraph system in the Hawaiian Islands in 1877 between his stores in Ha‘ikū and Makawao on Maui; as head of the East Maui Telegraph Company in 1878, installed the first telephone line in the Hawaiian Islands, between Wailuku, Maui and Kahului [Alexander Graham had patented the telephone in 1876; the Hawaiian Bell Telephone Company was incorporated in 1880]. (See Communication, Chapter 12.)
Dickey, Charles William (1871—1942)—Born in Alameda, California; graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1894); married Frances Greene in 1899; architect, with C. B. Ripley, of the Bishop Estate Building, which was constructed in 1896 on Merchant Street in Honolulu; the structure was built in the Romanesque Revival style, using blue stone; architect, with C. B. Ripley, of the Irwin Block, constructed in 1897 at 928 Nu‘uanu Avenue in Honolulu’s Chinatown district by William G. Irwin, a sugarcane entrepreneur; the building’s style is Richardsonian Romanesque; the exterior is rough-hewn volcanic stone and brick; the building was used for about 25 years by Yoichi Takakuwa as a wholesale store and political headquarters; in 1923, the building was bought by Nippu Jiji (a Japanese-language newspaper originally founded as The Yamato in 1895 and later called Hawaii Times), which occupied the building until 1984; cornices on the building show the dates 1895 and 1923; in 1973, the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places; extensive interior renovations took place in 1982, and an interior mezzanine level was added along with a five-story addition on the rear of the building; architect of the six-story Stangenwald Building, constructed in 1901 at 119 Merchant Street in Honolulu, on the site of the offices of Hugo Stangenwald (1829—1899), a Honolulu physician who passed away in 1899; the building is noted for its Italian Renaissance elements; features include arched windows, pressed-copper trim, terra cotta ornamentation, and a wrought-iron balustrade; the Stangenwald Building is considered the first skyscraper in the Hawaiian Islands, and for more than a half century it was the tallest building in Honolulu; it also had the first electric elevator in the Hawaiian Islands, and housed the first shared law library in the Hawaiian Islands; built in the wake of the devastating Chinatown fire (the fire was intentionally set on January 20, 1900, in the Chinatown area of Honolulu to rid the area of disease-infected tenement homes harboring the bubonic plague; the fire accidentally got out of control and burned more than 38 acres (15 ha), displacing more than 4,000 residents; the fire was started at the corner of Nu‘uanu and Beretania, and burned for at least 17 days); the Stangenwald Building was constructed of brick and concrete, with a steel frame and built-in fire hoses; considered Honolulu’s first fully fireproof structure, the building was built with fireproof vaults on every floor; in 1980, a restoration of the structure was completed under Honolulu architect James Tsugawa; architect, with Hart Wood (1880—1957), of Honolulu Hale, Honolulu’s City Hall, which was built in 1927 at South King and Punchbowl Streets to provide offices for the mayor and city council; designed by architects Wood, Dickey, and others, the building has pillars and arches, decorative balconies, ceiling frescoes, and a tiled roof; Honolulu Hale was modeled after Florence, Italy’s Bargello Palace, which was built in the 13th century; the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 (see O‘ahu section, Chapter 2; and Honolulu Hale, Chapter 12); architect of the Alexander & Baldwin Building with Charles William Dickey (1871—1942); the Alexander & Baldwin Building was constructed in 1929 at 822 Bishop Street in downtown Honolulu; the building was constructed in memory of Henry Perrine Baldwin (1842—1911) and Samuel Thomas Alexander (1836—1904), the founders of the Alexander & Baldwin firm, one of Hawai‘i’s “Big Five” companies; the building is notable for its recessed entry with mosaic murals; architect, with engineer John Young, of Honolulu’s Central Fire Station, which opened at 104 South Beretania Street in 1934, and became the headquarters of the Honolulu Fire Department; the building’s style is Moderne, with elements of Art Deco (e.g., the aluminum garage doors); the two-story Central Fire Station building is a large rectangular structure, five bays wide, including three garage bays in the middle, and a hose tower at the rear of the building; later additions increased office space; the building has louver windows, and a balcony on one end of the structure; the Central Fire Station was placed on the National and Hawai‘i Registers of Historic Places in 1980; other buildings designed by Dickey include Maui’s Kula Sanatorium, Kaua‘i’s Wilcox Memorial Hospital; the Kona Inn and Naniloa Hotel on Hawai‘i Island, and O‘ahu buildings including the Kamehameha School for Boys, the Castle & Cooke Building, the Halekūlani Hotel, Punahou School’s Montague Hall as well as the Waikīkī Theater and Hilo, Varsity, and Toyo theaters.
Dickey, Frances(Greene)—Married Charles William Dickey (1871—1942) in 1899.
Dickson, Joshua G.—With Charles Montague Cooke Sr. (1849—1909) and Robert Lewers (1836—1924), became partners in his cousin’s firm (after Christopher H. Lewers passed away); the firm became known as Lewers & Cooke after Dickson passed away in 1880.
Diell, Caroline—Wife of John Diell, who organized the O‘ahu Bethel Church in 1837; the church held 500 people and was the first church in the Hawaiian Islands for foreigners; Diell and his wife distributed Bibles and religious tracts as well as spelling books intended to help sailors to read.
Diell, John (1808—1841)—Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1833 with the Sixth Company of American missionaries; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820); opened the Seamen’s Bethel in Honolulu; served as first chaplain of the American Seamen’s Friend Society; organized the O‘ahu Bethel Church in 1837; the church held 500 people and was the first church in the Hawaiian Islands for foreigners; Diell and his wife Caroline distributed Bibles and religious tracts as well as spelling books intended to help sailors to read.
Dillingham, Benjamin Franklin (1844—1918)—Born in West Brewster, Massachusetts; traveled around Cape Horn at age 14; served as first officer on the bark Whistler, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1844, and during this visit Dillingham was thrown by a horse in Honolulu and broke his leg, leading to an long stay in the hospital; married Emma Louise Smith (daughter of Reverend Lowell Smith) in 1869, and they would have four children: Harold Garfield Dillingham, Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear (1870—1957), Marion (Dillingham) Erdman, and Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963); worked in the hardware store of Henry Dimond (1808—1895); purchased Dimond’s business with financial assistance provided by Alfred Castle, and renamed it Dillingham & Company; began efforts to build a railroad connecting O‘ahu’s north shore with Honolulu; purchased thousands of acres of the ‘Ewa plain to begin the cultivation of sugarcane using Portuguese laborers; in 1888, Dillingham (and partners) were granted a franchise for the O‘ahu Steam Railway and soon 170 miles (274 km) of track were laid (railroads also began operating on Hawai‘i Island and Maui); the growing of sugarcane in ‘Ewa was made possible by the drilling of artesian wells there by the McCandless Brothers (James, John, and Lincoln); soon began supporting the development of sugarcane plantations on O‘ahu (Honolulu, Waialua, Kahuku, Hawai‘i Island (Olaa [‘Ōla‘a] Sugar Company, Puna Sugar Company, Ltd.), Kaua‘i (McBryde Sugar Company), and Maui (Kihei [Kīhei] Plantation Company, Ltd.); formed the Oahu [O‘ahu] Railway & Land Company in 1888; the first train, a Baldwin locomotive and two excursion cars, ran on September 4, 1889; with the permission of King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua], the first 9 miles (14.5 km) of track opened on November 16, 1889 (King Kalākaua’s 53rd birthday) when about 4,000 Hawaiian residents enjoyed free rides; the opening of the railroad had a significant influence on generating land sales and helping the sugar and pineapple industries; on Hawai‘i Island, created a railroad enterprise that was later known as Hawaii [Hawai‘i] Consolidated Railway; railroad use in the Hawaiian Islands peaked in the early 1900s with seven major railroads running on about 160 miles (257 km) of track; the rails were mostly used to carry sugar and pineapple as well as construction materials; during World War II the rails carried significant amounts of military personnel as well as civilians; Oahu [O‘ahu] Railway and Land Company’s “narrow gauge” line with its double-track main line was one of the most advanced rail systems, including Mikado locomotives and automatic block signals; Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963), the son of Benjamin, eventually took over the management of many of the family’s businesses so his father could retire, though Benjamin remained president of Oahu [O‘ahu] Railway & Land Company until he passed away in 1918; the Oahu [O‘ahu] Railway & Land Train Terminal opened in 1927 at 325 North King Street near the piers of Honolulu Harbor; designed by architect Bertram Goodhue, the building’s style is Spanish Mission Revival; the Terminal structure features a somewhat open arcade area on the ground floor, stucco walls, a red tile roof, and a four-sided clock tower; with the proliferation of paved roads in the early 1900s, train use gradually declined; in 1947 passenger service ended and the building was used as a bus depot, then sat empty for a time before being utilized by other businesses; [the building was placed on the Hawai‘i Register of Historic Places in 1987, and the National Register in 1979; a $1.6 million major renovation took place in 2001]; the Dillingham Transportation Building was constructed at 735 Bishop Street in Honolulu in 1929; the architect was Lincoln Rogers of San Diego, California; the building was constructed in the Italian Renaissance/Mediterranean Revival style, and the arcade and entrance lobby display different colors of bricks and marble used with Art Deco patterns and paneled beams; a plaque on the building commemorates Benjamin Franklin Dillingham; the family’s connection to transportation also shows in the twisted-rope decorations lining the street openings; the location of the Dillingham Transportation Building is not far from Honolulu’s piers, and medallions on the arched entrances show sailboats and steam vessels; the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Dillingham, Benjamin Franklin (Jr.)—Son of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Louise Olga (Gaylord) Dillingham.
Dillingham, Elizabeth Louise—Son of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Louise Olga (Gaylord) Dillingham.
Dillingham, Emma Louise (Smith)—Daughter of Reverend Lowell Smith; married Benjamin Franklin Dillingham in 1869, and they would have four children: Harold Garfield Dillingham, Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear (1870—1957), Marion (Dillingham) Erdman, and Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963).
Dillingham, Harold Garfield—Son of Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918) and Emma Louise (Smith) Dillingham; brother of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Marion (Dillingham) Erdman; took over the management of family businesses in 1904 along with his brother Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) due to their father’s illness.
Dillingham, Henry Gaylord—Son of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Louise Olga (Gaylord) Dillingham; pilot killed during World War II.
Dillingham, Walter Francis (1875—1963)—Born in Honolulu; son of Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918) and Emma Louise (Smith) Dillingham; attended Punahou School and then Harvard University; during the 1895 counter-revolution, served as commander of mounted reserves, and as a sharpshooter; worked at Oahu [O‘ahu] Land & Rail Company as a clerk; took over the management of family businesses in 1904 along with his brother Harold Garfield Dillingham due to their father’s illness; in 1910, married Louise Olga Gaylord in Florence, Italy, and they would have four children including Elizabeth Louise Dillingham, Henry Gaylord Dillingham, Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (Jr.), and Lowell Smith Dillingham; served as manager of Dowsett & Company Ltd. in 1900; established Hawaiian Dredging Company, Ltd. and served as the company’s manager and Treasurer; the firm developed and improved harbors statewide, including Kamelapau, Ahukini, Hilo, Kahului, and Honolulu, and at the Pearl Harbor Naval Base the company assisted in the completion of a massive dry dock in 1919; the Hawaiian Dredging Company also dredged Kewalo Basin and helped reclaim certain lands in Waikīkī and Ala Moana Park, and undertook significant projects at Guam and Wake Islands, Midway Atoll, Johnston Atoll, and O‘ahu’s Kāne‘ohe Bay; assisted in building the Los Angeles Steamship Company (which later merged with Matson Navigation Company); avid competitor in the sport of polo; founded the Hawaiian Polo and Racing Association; advocated the construction of the Dillingham Transportation Building at 735 Bishop Street in Honolulu in 1929; the architect was Lincoln Rogers of San Diego, California; the building was constructed in the Italian Renaissance/Mediterranean Revival style, and the arcade and entrance lobby display different colors of bricks and marble used with Art Deco patterns and paneled beams; a plaque on the building commemorates Benjamin Franklin Dillingham; the family’s connection to transportation also shows in the twisted-rope decorations lining the street openings; the location of the Dillingham Transportation Building is not far from Honolulu’s piers, and medallions on the arched entrances show sailboats and steam vessels [the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979]; led by Walter Francis Dillingham, the Hawaiian Dredging Company purchased 50 acres (20 ha) of swamp land in 1912 and brought coral there from nearby dredging projects; plans for a shopping center were developed in 1948 by Walter Dillingham’s son, Lowell Smith Dillingham, who was president of Hawaiian Land Company (a Hawaiian Dredging Company affiliate); in 1931, the City and County of Honolulu acted to clean up the region, which had also been the site of a refuse dump; President Franklin Delano Roosevelt dedicated Moana Park in 1934, and it was renamed Ala Moana in 1947; eventually sand was brought to the beachfront area, and the two-story Ala Moana Shopping Center was built on an adjacent 50 acres (20 ha) of land using coral fill dredged from the offshore reef; construction began in 1957, and Ala Moana Shopping Center opened on August 3, 1959, the same year Hawai‘i was admitted as the 50th state; at the initial opening of the $28 million, two-level shopping center on August 13, 1959, there were 87 stores, totalling 680 square feet (63 sq.m.) of space), and 5,000 parking stalls; some of the stores at Ala Moana were Woolworth, Longs, Sears, McInerney’s, Hartfields, Carousel, Chandler’s, Foodland, Shirokiya, and Uyehara’s Service Station; the second phase of Ala Moana opened in 1966, increasing the shopping center’s area to 1.35 million square feet (.12 million sq. m) with a total of 155 stores (see Ala Moana, Chapter 12); celebrities and others were often hosted at La Pietra, the Diamond Head home of Walter and Louise.
Dillingham, Louise Olga (Gaylord)—Married Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) in 1910 in Florence Italy; they had four children including Elizabeth Louise Dillingham, Henry Gaylord Dillingham, Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (Jr.), and Lowell Smith Dillingham.
Dillingham, Lowell Smith—Son of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Louise Olga (Gaylord) Dillingham; the Hawaiian Dredging Company, led by Walter F. Dillingham, had purchased 50 acres (20 ha) of swamp land there in 1912 and brought coral from nearby dredging projects (see Ala Wai Canal, Chapter 2); in 1931, the City and County of Honolulu acted to clean up the region, which had also been the site of a refuse dump; President Franklin Delano Roosevelt dedicated Moana Park in 1934, and it was renamed Ala Moana in 1947; as president of Hawaiian Land Company (a Hawaiian Dredging Company affiliate) Lowell developed a plan for a shopping center at Ala Moana in 1948; sand was brought to the beachfront area, and the two-story Ala Moana Shopping Center was built on an adjacent 50 acres (20 ha) of land using coral fill dredged from the offshore reef; construction on the shopping center began in 1957; Ala Moana Shopping Center opened on August 3, 1959, the same year Hawai‘i was admitted as the 50th state; at the initial opening of the $28 million, two-level shopping center on August 13, 1959, there were 87 stores, totalling 680 square feet (63 sq.m.) of space), and 5,000 parking stalls; some of the stores at Ala Moana were Woolworth, Longs, Sears, McInerney’s, Hartfields, Carousel, Chandler’s, Foodland, Shirokiya, and Uyehara’s Service Station; the second phase of Ala Moana opened in 1966, increasing the shopping center’s area to 1.35 million square feet (.12 million sq. m) with a total of 155 stores (see Ala Moana, Chapter 12.)
Dillon, Guillaume Patrice—Caused a conflict between the French and the Hawaiian monarchy when his complaints led to the arrival of Rear Admiral Legoarant de Tromelin in Honolulu in April of 1848 in command of two French ships: the Gassendi (a steam corvette) and the La Poursuivante; Tromelin demanded equality of worship and an end to duties on French imports, claiming these acts violated an earlier treaty; his ten demands were sent to King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) and included equality of worship; Tromelin also engaged in reprisals that included taking over government buildings, ransacking Fort Kekuanohu in Honolulu, and seizing the yacht of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); when Tromelin departed ten days later, he took with him Guillaume Patrice Dillon, whose complaints had initiated the conflict; [on June 7, 1839, King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) had issued a Declaration of Rights that came to be known as the Hawaiian Magna Carta; on June 17, 1839, King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) issued an Edict of Toleration regarding religious differences, reversing his earlier stance banning the practice and teaching of Catholicism; Cyrille Pierre Theodore Laplace arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on July 9, 1839 in command of the Navy frigate Artemise; commissioned by the French government to demand rights for French citizens in the Hawaiian Islands “with all the force that is yours to use,” and to seek “complete reparation for the wrongs which have been committed”; despite the earlier Edict of Toleration issued by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), Laplace threatened war and made a series of demands that included freedom of worship for Catholics, a site for a Catholic Church, and $20,000 in reparations (which was paid by local merchants); Laplace’s threats of war forced King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) to agree to a treaty with five demands related to allowing Catholic worship in the Hawaiian Islands; this was in response to King Kamehameha III’s earlier ordinance rejecting the Catholic religion; the demands were met by Kuhina Nui (Premier) Kekāuluohi [Miriam ‘Auhea] and Governor Kekuanao‘a; on July 17, 1839, Laplace made additional demands for special privileges for French residents of the Hawaiian Islands, and for French imports, including brandies and wines; also on July 17, 1839, King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) and Laplace signed the Convention of 1839 granting numerous protections to French citizens in the Hawaiian Islands; Laplace’s activities alarmed officials of Great Britain and the United States, and eventually led to official recognition of Hawaiian independence by all three countries: France, Great Britain, and the United States; the “Declaration of Rights” that had been issued by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) on June 7, 1839 was a predecessor to Hawai‘i’s first formal constitution in 1840, and also served as the constitution’s preamble; on May 5, 1840, the exiled Father Maigret arrived in the Hawaiian Islands along with two other priests and Bishop Rouchouze, the vicar apostolic of the Pacific; on O‘ahu a church was built using stone, and Catholic schools and churches were also built on other Hawaiian Islands; in November of 1841 a Catholic printing press began operating (and would continue operating until the end of the century); Captain S. Mallet was sent to the Hawaiian Islands by Admiral Abel du Petit-Thouars to investigate whether the 1839 treaties that had been signed with Cyrille Pierre Theodore Laplace had been violated; Mallet arrived in 1842 in command of the Embuscade, causing concern that he would attempt to claim the Hawaiian Islands for France; Mallet’s primary concerns were the freedom of Catholic priests to worship and preach, and also the ability of the French to freely import wines; he left Hawaiian Islands in September of 1842; as a result of Mallet’s arrival Ahuimanu [‘Āhuimanu] School (a Catholic school) was established on O‘ahu. (See French/Catholics, Chapter 12.)
Dimond, Henry (1808—1895)—Born in Fairfield, Connecticut; studied bookbinding; attended New York University; married Ann Maria Anner in November of 1834; the couple came to the Hawaiian Islands with the Seventh Company of American missionaries, arriving on December 5, 1834 on the Hellespont, which was under the command of Captain Henry; initially stationed at the Mission Press (the Honolulu mission was established in 1820); [the first printing in the North Pacific region had been done by Elisha Loomis (1799—1836) on January 7, 1822, using a second hand Ramage press brought to Hawaiian Islands on the Thaddeus with the First Company of American missionaries in 1820; the printing was done in a grass-roofed hut in Honolulu at the site that is now Kawaiaha‘o Church, and is considered the birthplace of the written Hawaiian language; this was the beginning of the Mission Press, which eventually printed millions of pages, many in the Hawaiian language; the Hale Pa‘i, or Printing Office, was constructed in 1823 using coral blocks]; Henry and Ann had seven children, including Mary Catherine (Dimond) Stangenwald (who married Hugo Stangenwald (1829—1899) in 1854); released from his mission duties in 1850, Dimond began working in the mercantile business in Honolulu; owned a hardware store that employed Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918), who eventually purchased Dimond’s business with financial assistance provided by Alfred Castle, and renamed it Dillingham & Company.
Dimond, Ann Maria (Anner) (1808—1895)—Married Henry Dimond (1808—1895) in November of 1834; they came to the Hawaiian Islands with the Seventh Company of American missionaries, arriving on December 5, 1834 on the Hellespont, which was under the command of Captain Henry; initially stationed at the Mission Press (the Honolulu mission was established in 1820); Henry and Ann had seven children, including Mary Catherine (Dimond) Stangenwald (who married Hugo Stangenwald (1829—1899) in 1854).
Dixon, George—In command of the Queen Charlotte, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on May 24, 1786, along with the King George under the command of Nathaniel Portlock; arriving at Kealakekua Bay from London, Dixon and Portlock were the first foreign captains to reach the Hawaiian Islands after the death of Captain Cook in 1779; the two ships stopped in the Hawaiian Islands on their way from London to China after having stopped at America’s Northwest Coast; both the Queen Charlotte and the King George were sponsored by the King George Sound Company, which had gained exclusive trading rights on America’s Northwest Coast in an attempt to avoid conflict with the East India Company and the South Sea Company; the ships sailed on to Waimea, Kaua‘i, and scouted out likely ports for rest and provisioning for future fur trading vessels sailing to China from the Pacific Northwest; George Dixon had been an armorer on the Discovery under Captain Cook; Nathaniel Portlock also had sailed with Cook on his third Pacific voyage, which was the first to establish Western contact with the Hawaiian Islands; the King George: first arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on May 24, 1786; left June 13, 1786; returned November 16, 1786; spent the winter in the Hawaiian Islands, left March 3, 1787; arrived again September 27, 1787; and then left on October 7, 1787; the Queen Charlotte first arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on May 20, 1786; left June 13, 1786; returned on November 16, 1786; departed on March 15, 1787, arrived again on September 5, 1787; and then left on September 18, 1787; published A Voyage Round the World in 1788, including drawings and written descriptions of the Hawaiian Islands.
Doane—Captain of the brig Sarah Abigail on September 21, 1842 when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) carrying the Tenth Company of American missionaries; captain of the brig Globe when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on July 15, 1844 carrying the Eleventh Company of American missionaries.
Dobelle, Evan—University of Hawai‘i President; fired on June 15, 2004 by the University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents “for cause,” which the contract defined as corruption, mental illness, or criminal behavior; on July 29, 2004, after arbitration, the Regents rescinded their decision; Dobelle was given a resignation severance worth $3.2 million and absolved of any wrongdoing.
Doi, Nelson—Lieutenant Governor (Democrat) of Hawai‘i from 1974 to 1978.
Dole, Anna P. (Cate)—Married Sanford Ballard Dole (1844—1926) in 1873; passed away in 1921.
Dole, Belle (Dickey)—Married James Drummond Dole (1877—1958) in 1906, and they would have five children.
Dole, Daniel (1808—1878)—Born in Bloomfield, Maine; graduated from Bowdoin College (1836), and Bangor Theological Seminary (1839); ordained in 1840; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on the Gloucester on May 21, 1841 with the Ninth company of American missionaries along with his wife Emily Hoyt Ballard Dole; served at Kaua‘i’s Kōloa mission station (which was established in 1834); in 1841, helped establish Punahou School for missionary children and chiefs’ children along with his wife, Hiram Bingham (1789—1869), and Amos Starr Cooke (1810—1871); the school was originally known as Ka-puna-hou (“The new spring”) referring to an ancient legend; in 1843, the school was designated Punahou School and Oahu [O‘ahu] College, and then was granted a government charter in 1853; that same year, Dole resigned from his position as principal of the school and became pastor at Kōloa, Kaua‘i, serving there until he passed away in 1878; Dole’s children included George Hathaway Dole and Sanford Ballard Dole (1844—1926) with his first wife, Emily Hoyt Ballard Dole, who passed away in 1844; Daniel Dole later married Mrs. Charlotte Close Knapp, the widow of Horton O. Knapp.
Dole, Charlotte Close (Knapp)—Widow of Horton O. Knapp; married Daniel Dole (1808—1878).
Dole, Emily Hoyt Ballard—Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on the Gloucester on May 21, 1841 with the Ninth company of American missionaries along with her husband, Daniel Dole (1808—1878)
Dole, George Hathaway—Son of Daniel Dole (1808—1878) and Emily Hoyt Ballard Dole.
Dole, James Drummond (1877—1958)—Born in Boston, Massachusetts; related to Sanford Ballard Dole; graduated from Harvard University (1899); formed the Hawaiian Pineapple Company on December 4, 1901; the first harvest occurred in 1903 and 1,893 cases were canned; married Belle Dickey in 1906, and they would have five children; also in 1906, Dole and his Hawaiian Pineapple Company constructed a pineapple cannery on O‘ahu in the Iwilei district; at the time it was the largest fruit factory in the world; Dole served as the Hawaiian Pineapple Company’s manager and president (1903—1932); in 1933, began working in Washington D.C. for the Agriculture Adjustment Administration; sponsored a method of canning carrot juice in 1937, and for bottling and canning apple juice in 1940, and later pioneering a process to can milk; Dole remained as chairman of the board of Hawaiian Pineapple Company until 1948 when he retired; purchased 98% of the Hawaiian Island of Lāna‘i in 1922 for $1,100,000, developing Lāna‘i City (where workers lived) and a harbor; the Hawaiian Pineapple Grower’s Association, was founded in 1908 to help publicize and market the “luxury” fruit; Dole soon had 19,000 acres (7,700 ha) of pineapples planted on Lāna‘i, and was producing almost one-third of the world’s pineapple crop; president of Hawaiian Pineapple Company; Dole was known as the “Pineapple King” and the pineapple industry dominated the island of Lāna‘i for the next 65 years, producing as many as 250 million pineapples per year; Lāna‘i’s vast pineapple plantation was the largest pineapple plantation in the world; the island’s central population lived in Lāna‘i City, a company town situated at an elevation of about 1,700 feet (518 m) above sea level, and set beneath the hills of Lāna‘ihale; sponsored the Dole Air Derby, in which eight planes left Oakland, California on August 16, 1927, for the Hawaiian Islands; billed as the first trans-oceanic flight race, with entrants competing for the prizes of $25,000 and $10,000; this was the first race from the United States Mainland to the Hawaiian Islands; a total of ten lives were lost when two planes crashed on take-off, two planes encountered difficulties and had to turn back, and two planes disappeared over the Pacific Ocean; the winner of the trans-oceanic race was Art Goebel (with navigator William Davis) in the monoplane Woolaroc, with just 4 gallons (15 liters) of fuel to spare; taking second place was Martin Jensen (with navigator Paul Schluter) in the Aloha (see Aviation, Chapter 12) in 1985, 98% of Lāna‘i was purchased by businessman David H. Murdock, who closed the pineapple plantation; the 1990s saw a marked rise in tourism related activities, and Lāna‘i now has two luxury resorts, including the Mānele Bay Hotel on the beach, and the Lodge at Kō‘ele in the mountains; Lāna‘i City remains the town’s central population area, and early 1900s era homes (many brightly painted) still line the streets; at the center of Lāna‘i is the grassy lawn of six-block-long Dole Park; Hawaiian Church is at the corner of Gay and 5th Streets; very few of Lāna‘i’s residents live outside of Lāna‘i City (see The Pineapple Industry and Lāna‘i City, Chapter 12); today pineapple is no longer king on Lāna‘i; the last major commercial pineapple harvest on Lāna‘i took place in 1992, though some pineapple “show fields” still adorn the landscape; a tourist oriented economy has now replaced the industrious company town that was once awakened each morning by the plantation whistle.
Dole, Sanford—Wrote Synopsis of the Birds of the Hawaiian Islands in 1869.
Dole, Sanford Ballard (1844—1926)—Son of Daniel Dole (1808—1878) and Emily Hoyt Ballard Dole; born in Honolulu; attended Williams College in Massachusetts for one year; studied at the office of a lawyer in Washington D.C. for one year; worked in the courts of Suffolk County, Massachusetts beginning in 1867; later began a law practice in the Hawaiian Islands; married Anna P. Cate in 1873; elected to the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1884; member of the Hawaiian League, a political organization of American merchants who considered King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] to be corrupt; when King Kalākaua’s government sold its opium monopoly to a Chinese interest, the American’s tried to restrict King Kalākaua’s power; holding a mass meeting, the League demanded that King Kalākaua dismiss his Cabinet and sign a new constitution; a radical faction of the League wanted to march to ‘Iolani Palace with guns, and annex the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, but Dole and the majority only wished to control King Kalākaua’s monarchical powers; ultimately, King Kalākaua signed a new constitution, which was later given the nickname “The Bayonet Constitution,” a term implying the document was signed at gunpoint; accounts vary on the actual threats that were wielded against the king to force him to attach his signature to the new constitution, but the effects of the new document include drastic changes that severely curtail the king’s power, ending 23 years of rule under the previous constitution of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); one result of the Bayonet Constitution was that a vote of the Legislature became necessary to replace Cabinet members; the constitution also allowed nobles to be elected by those who owned large amounts of land, and this significantly reduced the power of Asians and native Hawaiians; the constitution allowed the Legislature to override the king’s veto, and extended voting rights to all Europeans and Americans who would take an oath to support the new constitution; one view of these events attributes the new constitution to mercantile, commercial and industrial interests, including the Chamber of Commerce, sugar planters, and missionary store workers banding together with the aim of abrogating the monarchy, declaring the Hawaiian Islands a Republic, and annexing Hawai‘i to the United States; politically known as the “down-town” party, they sought to reduce the King Kalākaua’s sovereign power (see The Bayonet Constitution, Chapter 12); Sanford Ballard Dole wrote the first Hawaiian homestead law in 1884; in 1886, he was appointed as an associate justice on the Hawai‘i Supreme Court, serving in the position for six years; as one of the original revolutionaries, Dole was influential in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893; when the Committee of Public Safety met on January 17, 1893 at 8 p.m. to finalize the Provisional Government’s officers and Cabinet, Sanford Ballard Dole was asked to be president; that evening, about 100 armed men gathered around Ali‘iōlani Hale in support of the annexationists; guards were posted around Ali‘iōlani Hale, the new headquarters of the Provisional Government, and drills were held on King Street in front of ‘Iolani Palace; served as President of the Provisional Government (1893—1894); on March 9, 1893, when President Cleveland withdrew the annexation treaty from the Senate, he sent James H. Blount (1837-1903) to the Hawaiian Islands with a letter to Sanford Ballard Dole; the letter gave Blount “paramount authority” to lead an investigation into the revolution; Blount, a Congressman, and former Colonel in the American Civil War, was authorized to interview all involved parties and conduct an impartial finding of the facts; Cleveland denounced the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy as lawless because it was achieved under “false pretexts,” sent regrets about the “unauthorized intervention,” and ordered the queen’s power restored, but the Provisional Government refused; in June of 1893, Dole moved the government’s executive departments to ‘Iolani Palace, with the garrison occupying the adjacent ‘Iolani Barracks; the ‘Iolani Palace location was thought to be better defensively in the event of an attack; the Provisional Government also passed a resolution renaming ‘Iolani Palace as the “Executive Building,” and renaming Ali‘iōlani Hale as the “Court House” (though it was commonly called the Judiciary Building); Dole served as President of the Provisional Government (January 17, 1893—July 4, 1894); President of the Republic of Hawai‘i (July 4, 1894—June 14, 1900); and first Governor of Territory of Hawai‘i (Annexationist/Republican); appointed as governor by President McKinley in 1900; Dole’s term as governor ended on November 23, 1903); named United States District Judge, serving in that position until 1916, then retired from public service and opened a private practice; in 1911, publicly reconciled with Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]; served as president of the Hawai‘i Bar Association; in 1936, twelve years after Dole passed away, some of his writings were published in a book entitled Memoirs of the Hawaiian Revolution (Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing Co., 1936).
Dominis, John—Sea captain and merchant; husband of Mary Dominis; father of John Owen Dominis; father-in-law of Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]; wealthy New England trader; built Washington Place in Honolulu at 20 South Beretania Street; the home was completed in 1847 after five years of construction; [Washington Place is a two-story home built in the Colonial Greek Revival style; in 1846, John Dominis sailed for China where he intended to purchase elegant furnishing for Washington Place; unfortunately he never returned, apparently lost at sea; the residence was named Washington Place by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), who was impressed by the stories he had heard about George Washington from the American ambassador to the Hawaiian Islands, who rented a room in the home from Mrs. Dominis; the widow Dominis was often seen gardening on the grounds; the son of Mr. and Mrs. Dominis, John Owen Dominis, married Princess Lili‘uokalani in 1862, and they inherited Washington Place; Queen Lili‘uokalani lived in Washington Place for 55 years, including when she was heir to the throne, as well as after she was deposed; Queen Lili‘uokalani was confined to Washington Place after she was released from her imprisonment in ‘Iolani Palace on September 6, 1895; she remained confined to Washington Place until February 6, 1896, and was then island-restricted until October 6, 1896 (see Chapter 11, Timeline: 1895, Jan. 6.); the queen lived at Washington Place until she died in the home’s downstairs bedroom in 1917; in 1921, due to the political efforts of Prince Kūhiō [Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi], the Territory of Hawai’i purchased the stately Washington Place so it could be used as a governor’s mansion; twelve different governors of the State of Hawai‘i, and their families, have lived in Washington Place since 1922 (the last was the Cayetano family); renovations to Washington Place took place in 1922, 1929, and 1953; in 1973 the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places; the historic home still contains many of Queen Lili‘uokalani’s prized possessions, including fine furniture and Ni‘ihau shell lei; also on display are musical instruments belonging to the queen, including a grand piano made of koa wood; Washington Place is now a Museum with historical exhibits primarily dedicated to telling the story of Queen Lili‘uokalani; the museum, known as a historic interpretive center, includes displays of the Queen’s personal effects as well as important personal papers and historical documents; Washington Place also continues to be used as a public reception area; Washington Place was named a National Historic Landmark in 2007; [phone: 808-586-0157; open to the public on special occasions / www.firstlady.state.hi.us/washingtonplace.htm] (See Washington Place—The Governor’s Residence in O‘ahu section, Chapter 2.)
Dominis, John Owen (1832—1891)—Born in Schenectady, New York; son of sea captain John Dominis; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands around 1840; employed during the Gold Rush by G. B. Post & Co., San Francisco, and then by ship handlers R. Cody & Co. in Honolulu; married Princess Kamaka‘eha Dominis (the future Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]) in 1862, and they lived at the Dominis home (see Washington Place in O‘ahu section, Chapter 2); served as secretary and chamberlain for King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani); appointed by King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) as governor of O‘ahu when Mataio Kekūanaō‘a (1794—1868) passed away in 1868; served as O‘ahu’s governor until 1887; during the reign of King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua], Dominis was a lieutenant general, and the commissioner of crown lands; passed away in 1891 just seven months after his wife became queen.
Dominis, Mary—Wife of John Dominis; mother of John Owen Dominis; mother-in-law of Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]; Mary Dominis’ husband, John Dominis, disappeared at sea after sailing for China to purchase furnishings for their home, named Washington Place by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), who was impressed by the stories he had heard about George Washington from the American ambassador to the Hawaiian Islands who rented a room in the home from Mrs. Dominis; the widow Dominis was often seen gardening on the grounds.
Donaghho, John S.—Served as (acting) President of the College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] (1913—1914); [the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts was established in downtown Honolulu in 1907 (opening on September 15, 1908) as a result of a resolution introduced in the Legislature by Senator William Joseph Coelho; it was renamed College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1911, and renamed the University of Hawai‘i in 1920].
Dorr, Ebenezer—Captain of the Boston trading ship Otter, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on December 2, 1796; the ship’s first officer was Pierre Francois Perón (1769—1830); on January 1, 1797, the Otter left for China.
Douglas, David—Scottish botanist for whom the Douglas fir tree was named; in 1834 he was found dead on Hawai‘i Island in a hole dug into the ground as a trap for wild cattle.
Douglas, William—In 1788, arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on the Iphigenia with Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Keawe-Ka‘iana a ‘Ahu‘ula; Ka‘iana] (c.1756-1795), the half-brother of the high chief Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula had left the Hawaiian Islands on the Nootka with Captain John Meares, becoming the first Hawaiian chief to travel to a foreign country (Canton, China); Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula went to Canton in 1787; Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula later fought as an ally of King Kamehamaha I before being killed fighting against Kamehameha in the 1795 Battle of Nu‘uanu; Meares returned to the Hawaiian Islands again in 1788 in command of the Felice Adventurer.
Downes, John—Commodore in command of the United States Navy frigate Potomac when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on July 23, 1832.
Dowsett, James Isaac (1829—1898)—Son of Samuel James Dowsett (1794—1834); and Mary (Bishop) Dowsett; believed to be the first Anglo-Saxon child born in the Hawaiian Islands to non-missionaries; abandoned by father at age five; began working for Hudson’s Bay Company at about age twelve; childhood friend of Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani (the future King Kamehameha IV), Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha V), and William Charles Lunalilo (the future King Lunalilo); promoted the whaling industry in the Hawaiian Islands and eventually owned a fleet of whaling vessels that journeyed to the Arctic; also ran steamers and schooners between the Hawaiian Islands.
Dowsett, Samuel James (1794—1834)—Husband of Mary (Bishop) Dowsett; father of James Isaac Dowsett (1829—1898).
Dowsett, Elizabeth Jane—Daughter of Samuel James Dowsett (1794—1834); mother of James Melville Monsarrat (1854—1943).
Dowsett, Mary (Bishop)—Wife of Samuel James Dowsett (1794—1834); mother of James Isaac Dowsett (1829—1898).
Dudoit, Adele—Daughter of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Maude, Blanche, Charles, and Jules) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Anna (Corney)—Daughter of Peter Corney; at age 15 married Jules Dudoit (1803—1866). (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Blanche—Daughter of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Adele, Maude, Charles, and Jules) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Charles—Son of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Adele, Blanche, Maude, and Jules) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Jules (1803—1866)—Born in Port-Louis, Mauritius; left for America at age 13; returned to Mauritius in 1826 as captain of the ship Le Courrier de Tamatave; commanded the brig Clementine, sailing for Australia in 1832; the vessel was named for his deceased wife (she had passed away less than one year after they were married); engaged in Pacific trading for the next few years; came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1835; left and soon returned to Honolulu where he married 15-year-old Anna Corney; in 1837, chartered the Clementine to local businessmen; served as Hawai‘i’s French consul (1837—1848) (see Tromelin, Legoarant De), during which time there was a controversy regarding Catholic priests from France in Hawai‘i, as well as significant disagreements of about the importation of alcohol; in 1845, purchased a lease to a portion of Hanalei, extending from the eastern side of Hanalei Valley to Kalihiwai Valley; the land was previously leased by Englishman Richard Charlton, the British Consul for Hawai‘i, who had originally secured the 20-year lease from Kaua‘i’s Governor Kaikio‘ewa on August 27, 1831; on the land, Charlton had started one of the first cattle ranches in the Hawaiian Islands, and the first cattle ranch on Kaua‘i; by 1840, Charlton had about 100 head of cattle; Charlton’s fee for use of the land was lumber (560 boards) to be cut by Charlton and used by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) to build a house; though apparently the fee was never paid, Charlton retained use of the land until the lease was purchased by Captain Jules Dudoit in 1845; Dudoit moved to Hanalei with his family in 1848 after retiring from the consulship; he was succeeded at the post by Guillaume Patrice Dillon; from 1848 until the early 1850s, the Dudoits, including their five children (Maude, Adele, Blanche, Charles, and Jules), lived in the Kellett House on the bluff of Lanihuli overlooking Hanalei Bay; Dudoit exported butter and packed salt beef for whaling ships, and also shipped beef to Honolulu; behind the Kellett home was an area where cattle were slaughtered; Jules Dudoit owned the brigantine John Dunlap, which often made trips across the Ka‘ie‘iewaho Channel (Kaua‘i Channel) between Kaua‘i and O‘ahu and provided one of Hanalei’s few sources of supplies from Honolulu at the time, and in turn purchasing cattle and salt beef from Hanalei; Mrs. Dudoit was the daughter of renowned explorer Peter Corney, an employee of the Hudson Bay Company and author of The Early Voyages of Peter Corney; living with Mr. and Mrs. Dudoit in Hanalei was the wife of Peter Corney as well as three of the Corney children: Fanny, Emily, and Peter; Jules Dudoit had traveled to Hawai‘i on a ship with the Corneys, who were going on to meet their father, Peter Corney, in the Northwest; upon learning of their father’s death, the Corney family remained in the Hawaiian Islands where one of the daughters, Anna, married Jules Dudoit; purchased a Grant to the Namahana land in the Ko‘olau district from Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) for $603 and moved there with his family; in 1862, Dudoit sold his Kaua‘i property to Samuel Clark and moved to Honolulu; Jules Dudoit was murdered in 1866 while sleeping in bed; the crime was committed by Dudoit’s Chinese cook, apparently because the cook’s wages were docked due to broken crockery; Mrs. Dudoit narrowly escaped death in the incident, but then went on to live a long life, passing away in 1903. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Jules—Child of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Adele, Blanche, Charles, and Maude) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Maude—Daughter of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Adele, Blanche, Charles, and Jules) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Duncan, Charles—In command of the British trading ship Princess Royal, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on January 2, 1788 along with The Prince of Wales, under the command of James Colnett (c.1755—1806); both ships remained in Hawaiian waters until March 18, 1788; in 1789, the Prince of Wales and the Argonaut were captured by the Spanish; when the Argonaut was returned to Colnett, he came to the Hawaiian Islands in April of 1791; also in the Hawaiian Islands at this time was the Princess Royal, a vessel formerly captained by Colnett and captured by the Spanish in 1879; flying Spanish colors, the Princess Royal was under the command of Manuel Quimper; Colnett (on the Argonaut) and Quimper (on the Princess Royal) met off the coast of Hawai‘i Island; seeing the Princess Royal under Spanish colors, and thinking the Spanish were attempting to take control of the Hawaiian Islands, Colnett came very close to firing a broadside at the ship, which he formerly captained; these events later became known as the “Nootka Sound controversy.”
Dwight, Samuel G.—American Protestant missionary; served at Moloka‘i’s Kalua‘aha mission station (which was established in 1832).
Eames, Alfred W.—Cultivated and sold fresh pineapple in 1898; his company later became Del Monte Fresh Produce Inc. (See The Pineapple Industry, Chapter 12.)
Earhart, Amelia—Completed the first solo flight from the Hawaiian Islands (Wheeler Field, O‘ahu) to the United States Mainland (Oakland, California) on January 11, 12, 1935; Earhart’s plane was a single-engine Lockheed Vega monoplane; less than three years earlier, Earhart had become the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, completing the flight on May 20-21, 1932; on May 20, 1937, Earhart began her second attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world, taking off from Oakland, California; she disappeared on July 2, 1937 after taking off with navigator Fred Noonan from Lae, New Guinea on the way to Howland Island, an atoll 2,556 miles (4,113 km) southwest of the Hawaiian Islands; this was the second leg of an attempted 27,000-mile (43,452-km) trip around the world, which ended 7,000 miles (11,265 km) short of her goal. (See Aviation, Chapter 12.)
Easterbrook—In command of the Gloucester when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on May 21, 1841 carrying the Ninth Company of American missionaries. The difficult 188-day voyage through inclement weather included a stop in Brazil for repairs and another stop in Chile).
Edwards, Webley—Produced and directed the Hawaii Calls radio show, which began on July 3, 1935; the show was broadcast from beachside at Waikīkī’s Royal Hawaiian Hotel and later the Moana Hotel (now the Sheraton Moana Surfrider); Hawaii Calls featured top Hawaiian music, including live performances by many top Hawaiian artists; the show was broadcast on hundreds of radio stations all around the world and ran until 1975, making it the longest running radio program ever. (See Communication, Chapter 12.)
Eisenhower, Dwight D.—United States president on February 20, 1953, when he signed an executive order placing Kaho‘olawe under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Navy (see Kaho‘olawe, Chapter 2); approved the creation of the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial in 1958 [the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial in Pearl Harbor honors those who died in the Dec. 7, 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, an event that entered the United States into World War II; the Memorial is an open structure that is 184 feet (56 m) long, and positioned directly over the wreck of the U.S.S. Arizona where 1,177 died and 900 remain entombed; the architect of the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial was an Austrian named Alfred Preis who fled the Nazis in 1939 and later moved to the Hawaiian Islands; an Elvis Presley benefit concert at Honolulu’s Bloch Arena on March 25, 1961 raised about $64,000 toward the $500,000 cost of the shrine; the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial was officially dedicated on Memorial Day, May 31, 1962; designated as a National Historical Landmark in 1989, the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial is now one of the most visited attractions in the Hawaiian Islands; about 1.5 million people tour the Memorial each year]; after the United States Senate passed a Hawai‘i statehood measure on March 11, 1959, followed by the U.S. House of Representatives on March 12, 1959, United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Act into law on March 18, 1959, though it required a plebiscite of Hawaiian residents for approval; this occurred on June 27, 1959 when residents of the Hawaiian Islands voted in favor of statehood, and the plebiscite passed 17 to 1, with only Ni‘ihau opposing it; the first general election was held on July 28, 1959 and William Francis Quinn (1919—2006) was elected governor of the State of Hawai‘i; Oren Ethelbert Long (1889—1965) and Hiram L. Fong [Yau Leong (Hiram) Fong] (1906—2004) were elected to be Hawai‘i’s first senators; Daniel K. Inouye (1904—) was elected to the United States House of Representatives, becoming the first American congressman of Japanese descent to serve in the House of Representatives; on August 21, 1959, President Eisenhower signed the Statehood Proclamation and Hawai‘i was officially admitted as the 50th state; the State of Hawai‘i’s population at this time was about 622,000 people, with more than 240,000 annual visitors; on July 4, 1960, a 50th star was added to the flag of the United States, and Hawai‘i’s state flag was formally accepted; as a result of statehood, 1.8 million acres (.73 million ha) of ceded lands were transferred to the State of Hawai‘i by the United States government to be held in trust for five purposes: public education; public use; public improvements; farm and home ownership; and the betterment of Native Hawaiians. (See Statehood, Chapter 12.)
Ellis, William (1794—1872)—Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on March 29, 1822 with a delegation of the London Missionary Society that came on two ships, the colonial cutter Mermaid (a British sloop), and the Prince Regent, a 70-ton (64-mton) schooner built in New South Wales for King Kamehameha I based on an earlier agreement with George Vancouver; Ellis had been living in Huahine, Tahiti; studied and was knowledgeable in the Tahitian language, having spent years as a missionary in the South Pacific; Ellis was able to learn Hawaiian quickly; spent four months on O‘ahu and was able to communicate well with native Hawaiians in their own language; took many notes, providing one of the most complete records of early Hawaiian life, including extensive descriptions of Hawaiian history and culture; was the first person in the Hawaiian Islands to preach a sermon in the Hawaiian language; visited the Hawaiian Islands again in 1823; was instrumental in assisting missionary Elisha Loomis (1799—1836) with his printing press; in June of 1823; visited Kīlauea Volcano along with Reverend Artemas Bishop (1795—1872), who came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1822 with the Second Company of American missionaries, and Reverend Asa Thurston (1787—1868), one of the leaders of the First Company of American missionaries; the men were searching for a suitable site to set up a mission station; one of the first foreigners to visit the summit of Kīlauea Volcano; on September 16, 1823, administered the sacrament of baptism to the Queen Keōpūolani [Keōpūolanikauhiakama; Kalanikauika‘alaneokeōpūolani] (1778-1823), the sacred wife of King Kamehameha I and the mother of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho) and King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); the queen became the first native Hawaiian to receive the Protestant rite of baptism, and it was administered by the ordained American missionary William Ellis just an hour before the queen’s death; published Hawaiian Tour in 1826; published Polynesian Researches, during a Residence of Nearly Six Years in the South Sea Islands in 1830; published Polynesian Researches, during a Residence of Nearly Six Years in the South Sea Islands in 1830.
Ellman, Mark—One of twelve Island chefs who founded Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Inc. in August of 1991 on Maui; the twelve chefs who formed the association developed a world-class cuisine centering around fresh local fish and high-quality, locally-grown vegetables and herbs as well as exotic Island fruits, and utilizing a blend of hybrid cooking styles and culinary techniques from both the Eastern and Western traditions; Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine has now won numerous major international culinary awards; the twelve chefs that conceptualized Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine are Sam Choy, Mark Ellman, Roger Dikon, Beverly Gannon, Jean-Marie Josselin, Amy Ferguson Ota, George Mavrothalassitis, Philippe Padovani, Peter Merriman, Gary Strehl, Roy Yamaguchi, and Alan Wong. (See Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Chapter 12.)
Ely, James—American Protestant missionary; served on Hawai‘i Island at the Kailua mission station (which was established in 1820), and at the Ka‘awaloa mission station (which was established in 1824).
Emerson, John S. (1800—1867)—Born in Chester, New Hampshire; graduated from Dartmouth College (1826), and Andover Theological Seminary (1830); married Ursula Sophia Newell in October of 1831; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on May 17, 1832 on the whale ship Averick under Captain Swain with the Fifth Company of American missionaries; the couple served at the missionary station they opened in Waialua, O‘ahu (1832—1842); worked at Lahainaluna School (1842—1846), which was founded in 1831 by American Protestant missionaries as a seminary of advanced education for young Hawaiian men, with an overarching missionary goal of advancing Christianity; translated books and promoted the reading of the Hawaiian-language Bible; returned to serve at the Waialua mission station in 1847, and in served until 1864; John and Ursula Emerson had eight children, including Nathaniel Bright Emerson; John S. Emerson edited in 1845, with Artemas Bishop (1795-1872), the first English-Hawaiian Dictionary, He Hoakakaolelo no na Hualelo Beritania (A Dictionary of English Words).
Emerson, Nathaniel Bright (1839—1915)—Born in Waialua, O‘ahu to Reverend John S. Emerson (1800—1867); attended Punahou School on O‘ahu; served in the American Civil War, fighting for the Union Army; graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts before attending Harvard University where he studied medicine, and then earned an M.D. degree from New York’s College of Physicians and Surgeons (1869); returned to the Hawaiian Islands in 1878 and served as general inspector of lepers and leper stations; in 1881, married Dr. Sarah E. Pierce; served as president of the Board of Health (succeeding Dr. George P. Trousseau; published several translations of Hawaiian literature, including Unwritten Literature of Hawaii: The Sacred Songs of the Hula (Washington D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1909), and the legend Pele and Hiiaka (Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 1915).
Emerson, Oliver P.—American Protestant missionary; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820).
Emerson, Sara E. (Pierce) (Dr.)—Wife of Nathaniel Bright Emerson (1839—1915).
Emmons, Delos C. (1889—1965)—Graduated from West Point (1909); became a pilot in the Army Air Corps in 1917; on December 17, 1941, named Commander of the Hawaiian Department of the United States Army, replacing Walter Campbell Short (1880—1949); this occurred during a time when the Hawaiian Islands were under Martial Law (military rule) in the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor; became Western Defense Commander in 1943; supportive of Americans of Japanese ancestry in the Hawaiian Islands, organizing them in battalions and, in 1943 when he became Western Defense Commander, authorizing their release from West Coast relocation centers; later served as head of Alaska Command; served as commandant of Virginia’s Armed Forces Staff College; awarded Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross, and the Legion of Honor. (See Pearl Harbor, Chapter 12.)
Emory & Webb—Architects of the Blaisdell Hotel, which was built at 1154 Fort Street Mall in Honolulu in 1912; today the building is used for offices and retains its central courtyard and birdcage elevator; designers and architects of the New Hawaii Theatre, which was commissioned by Consolidated Amusements Company and cost ½-million dollars, opening at 1130 Bethel Street in Honolulu on September 6, 1922; built in the Classical Revival/Art Deco style and designed for live performances as well as for showing the new entertainment medium of movies; the building cost $500,000 and became one of the United States’ most modern theaters, featuring a double-cantilever balcony, Corinthian and Byzantine ornamentation, and Moorish grillwork; the building’s style is Neoclassical, also said to be Classical Revival, Art Deco, and Beaux Arts; renovated in the 1970s and 1980s, the New Hawai‘i Theatre recently received yet another renovation, costing $33 million, including the installation of a large, neon marquee; the theater holds 1,726 people, and features wicker chairs and air conditioning; the building was placed on the National and Hawai‘i Registers of Historic Places in 1978, and is now used as a cultural and performing arts center; tours of the building are given on the first Tuesday of each month [call 808-528-5535 for information]; architects of the Honolulu Advertiser Building (commonly called the “News Building”), which opened in 1929 at 605 Kapi‘olani Boulevard; the building’s style is Beaux Arts/Renaissance Revival, featuring a grand entrance with a quarried-tile staircase and enameled balusters that once graced an open gallery with a wood parquet floor; the Honolulu Advertiser Building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1929 and received a major addition in 1956.
English, Myra—Renowned falsetto singer.
Erdman, Marion (Dillingham)—Daughter of Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918) and Emma Louise (Smith) Dillingham; sister of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963); Harold Garfield Dillingham, and Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear (1870—1957).
Farrington, Catherine McAlpine (Crane)—Wife of Wallace Rider Farrington (1871—1933) (married in 1896); they had three children, including Joseph Rider Farrington (1897—1954) (the oldest).
Farrington, Mary Elizabeth (Betty) Pruett (1898—1984)—Wife of Joseph Rider Farrington, who was Territorial Delegate to Congress (Republican) from 1943 until he passed away in June of 1954; she completed her husband’s unexpired term, and was later elected for one term, serving as a Territorial Delegate to Congress until 1957.
Farrington, Joseph Rider (1897—1954)—Born in Washington D.C., oldest son of Wallace Rider Farrington; graduated from Punahou School (1915) and the University of Wisconsin (1919); married Mary Elizabeth (Pruett) Farrington in 1920; worked as a newspaper reporter in Philadelphia and Washington D.C.; became managing editor of the Star Bulletin in 1924; later becoming director (1926) and vice president (1929); when his father died in 1933 he became the paper’s president and general manager; elected to the Territorial Senate in 1934; re-elected in 1938; Territorial Delegate to Congress (Republican) from 1943 until he passed away in June of 1954; the unexpired term was completed by his wife, Mary Elizabeth (Betty) Pruett Farrington.
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Farrington, Wallace Rider (1871—1933)—Born in Orono, Maine; graduated from the University of Maine in 1891; worked as a reporter for the Bangor Daily News beginning in 1891; married Catherine McAlpine Crane in 1896 and they would have three children including Joseph Rider Farrington (1897—1954) (the oldest); worked in the Hawaiian Islands as the managing editor of the daily Pacific Commercial Advertiser and then as the managing editor of the Bulletin (the evening paper), which merged with the Star in 1913 when Farrington became the vice president and general manager; appointed Governor of Territory of Hawai‘i by United States President Warren G. Harding in 1921 (first term, ending July 5, 1925) and Calvin Coolidge in 1925 (second term, ending July 5, 1929); in 1929, became publisher of Star-Bulletin.
Fasi, Frank—Elected as Mayor of the City and County of Honolulu in 1968, serving from January 2, 1969 to January 2, 1982, and from 1985—1994.
Father Damien—See DeVeuster, Joseph Damien.
Fern, James—Husband of Kaipo Fern, and they were the parents of Joseph James Fern (1872—1920).
Fern, Joseph James (1872—1920)—Born at Kohala on Hawai‘i Island to James and Kaipo Fern; at age 19, drove a mule cart in Honolulu on the street railway; later worked for Wilder Steamship Company, and when the company joined with Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company, he kept his job as the agent for labor relations; later named shipping master; stevedore boss; Fern’s three marriages resulted in numerous children; elected as the first mayor (Democrat) of the newly established City and County of Honolulu in 1908, winning by seven votes; received strong support from native Hawaiians; Fern was re-elected in 1910, 1912, 1917, and 1919; passed away in 1920.
Fern, Kaipo—Wife of James Fern, and they were the parents of Joseph James Fern (1872—1920).
Finch, William—In command of the United States Navy corvette Vincennes when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on October 2, 1828; the Vincennes was the first United States naval vessel to tour the globe.
Folger, Elisha—Captain of the Equator, a New England whaling ship out of Newburyport, Massachusetts; on September 29, 1819, the Equator was one of the first two whaling ships to come to the Hawaiian Islands (the other was the Balena under the command of Edmund Gardner); in the fall of 1819, while anchored in Kealakekua Bay, the Balena harpooned a large sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus; Hawaiian name: palaoa) that yielded more than 100 barrels of oil; by this date, commercial whaling had already begun to diminish whale populations worldwide, and the whales of the Atlantic were already documented as being overhunted. (See The Whaling Era, Chapter 12.)
Fonda, Henry—Starred in Mister Roberts, filmed in the Hawaiian Islands in 1955; the film was an adaptation of his Broadway hit; Fonda played Lieutenant Doug Roberts, the chief cargo officer of the supply ship Reluctant during the last few months of World War II; Jack Lemmon played Roberts’ friend, Ensign Frank Pulver, while James Cagney was the Reluctant’s surly captain.
Fong, Yau Leong (Hiram) (1906—2004)—Born on Oct. 15, 1906 to immigrants from Kwangtang Province in China; the seventh of eleven children; birth name was Yau Leong Fong; as a youth in Kalihi, O‘ahu, he shined shoes, delivered poi, and caught and sold fish; graduated from McKinley High School in 1924, the University of Hawai‘i in 1930, and Harvard Law School in 1935; worked as a Honolulu deputy attorney; beginning in 1938; served 14 years in the legislature of the Territory of Hawai‘i including four years as vice speaker (1944-1948) and six years as speaker (1948-1954); after serving in World War II, founded a law firm, and then became a founding member of Finance Factors Ltd. in 1952; elected to the United States Senate on July 28, 1959; became the first elected Asian-American United States Senator; re-elected in 1964 and 1970; known as a champion of civil rights and workers’ rights; instrumental in the passage of a measure favoring agricultural workers in 1945; co-authored the Immigration Reform Act of 1965; retired in 1977 and concentrated on his many business interests, including the well-maintained 725-acre (293-ha) Senator Fong’s Plantation Gardens, which offers narrated 45-minute long tram rides through five separate valleys with more than 100 varieties of nut and fruit trees [Senator Fong’s Plantation Gardens, 808-239-6775, 47-285 Pūlama Road, open 10-4 daily. Directions: 1 mile off Kahekili Highway (Hwy. 83)]; passed away on August 18, 2004 at the age of 97.
Forbes, Anderson O.—American Protestant missionary; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820); served at Maui’s Lahainaluna School, which was founded in 1831 by missionaries as a seminary of advanced education for young Hawaiian men, with an overarching missionary goal of advancing Christianity; served at Moloka‘i’s Kalua‘aha mission station (which was established in 1832).
Forbes, Cochran—American Protestant missionary; served at Maui’s Lahaina mission station (which was established in 1823); served on Hawai‘i Island at the Ka‘awaloa mission station (which was established in 1824).
Fornander, Abraham (1812—1887)—Born in Sweden; spent time in Sweden as a university student in Sweden in a rectory studying for the ministry; in 1844, deserted a whaling ship and began living in the Hawaiian Islands, first as a coffee planter, and then as a surveyor; later worked as a newspaper and magazine editor, and then served as the first inspector of schools; member of the King’s Privy Council under King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani); became a Circuit Judge in 1864; had a significant influence on the transcribing of early Hawaiian history; conducted extensive interviews with Zephyrin Kepelino (c.1830—1876) and Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (1815—1876); with the help of native assistants, arranged interviews with many native Hawaiians; collectively, this information became the basis of Fornander’s An Account of the Polynesian Race (London: Trübner, 1878—1855); awarded Linean Medal by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; after his death, Fornander’s Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folklore was published by Thomas G. Thrum; Volume II of An Account of the Polynesian Race was republished as Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I (Mutual Press: 1996).
Fortescue, Grace Hubbard Bell [Mrs. Grace Granville Fortescue]—Mother of Thalia Massie (c.1910—1963); niece of renowned inventor Alexander Graham Bell; indicted for second degree murder of Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was awaiting a retrial for the criminal assault of Thalia Massie, the 20-year-old wife of United States Navy lieutenant Thomas H. Massie; the events of the Massie case began after Thomas and Thalia Massie attended a party on September 12, 1931 at Honolulu’s Ala Wai Inn (a Honolulu nightclub formerly on the site of the present location of the Hawai‘i Convention Center); Thalia Massie was later found beaten and assaulted with her jaw broken in two places; Thalia Massie told authorities that she had been forced into a car and taken to Ala Moana Park where she was raped; five plantation workers who allegedly raped Thalia Massie (a Caucasian) were detained that night and taken to her hospital room, where she apparently identified the driver of the car, though later evidence claimed she only identified the attackers as “Hawaiian”; a medical report did not show any evidence of rape; further, there were rumors that Thalia’s husband had discovered her with another man, and had himself beaten her; the detained men, who were charged with criminal assault, were: Joseph Kahāhāwai [Kehahawai] (Joe Kalani) (Hawaiian); Shomatsu (Horace) Ida (Japanese); Henry Chang (Chinese-Hawaiian); Ben Ahakuelo, Hawaiian; and David Takai (Japanese-Hawaiian); the defendants were represented by Heen, William Haehae Heen (1883—1973); despite evidence pointing to the innocence of the detained men, they were assumed guilty by the national press, which ran stories about the brute locals preying on white women; the accused men were later set free due to lack of evidence, with a deadlocked jury that had taken 97 ballots in more than 100 hours of deliberation, on December 6, 1931, it was determined that the jury was deadlocked and could not agree on a conviction, and a mistrial was declared; the release of the accused men fueled racial tensions and violence in Honolulu, including animosity between the military and local residents; the story garnered national attention; while a retrial was still pending, Shomatsu (Horace) Ida was kidnapped and beaten on December 12, 1931; on January 8, 1932, one of the defendants, 20-year-old Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was said to have been the leader of the “School Street gang,” was kidnapped by Thalia Massie’s husband and mother and two Navy men; Kahāhāwai taken to a home in MānoaValley that had been rented by Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue (Thalia’s mother), and there Kahāhāwai was shot and killed; they placed the slain Kahāhāwai’s body in the trunk of their car and drove toward the rocky coastline near Koko Crater where they planned to dump the body; during the drive they were stopped by police and Kahāhāwai’s body was discovered in the back of the car; all four—Lieutenent Thomas H. Massie (husband of Thalia Massie), Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue, E. J. Lord, and Albert O. Jones—were indicted for second degree murder; Thomas H. Massie took responsibility for shooting Kahāhāwai, but his lawyer, the renowned Clarence Darrow, told the court his client was temporarily insane; the four were convicted on April 30, 1932 of manslaughter (with a recommendation of leniency) after 49 hours of deliberation by a jury under Judge Charles S. Davis, and they were sentenced to ten years hard labor at Oahu [O‘ahu] Prison; Governor Lawrence Judd (1877—1968) immediately commuted the sentence to one hour, to be served in his office; the attack on Thalia Massie, as well as the subsequent vigilante action and controversial court decisions contributed to racial tensions in the Islands for years to come; Thalia Massie later lived in Florida where she committed suicide in 1963.
Foster, Mary E. (Robinson) (1844—1930)—Daughter of James and Rebecca Robinson (James Robinson was a pioneer shipbuilder); wife of Thomas R. Foster, an initial organizer of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company; in 1890, with her husband, purchased the Honolulu property of German botanist Dr. William Hillebrand (1821—1886), a Prussian doctor who arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1851 and became a royal physician working at Queen’s Hospital; Hillebrand was also a member of the Privy Council of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), and a famous botanist whose 1888 book became the most thorough source regarding Hawaiian flora; Hillebrand experimented with various plants, animals, and birds, including many non-native species; Hillebrand bought the property in 1855 from Queen Kalama [Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili Kalama [Kamālama]], the wife of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); in 1930, Mary E. Foster willed (bequeathed) the 6 acres (2.4 ha) at Nu‘uanu Avenue and Vineyard Boulevard in downtown Honolulu (including the garden originally planted by William Hillebrand, for a city park and botanical garden (now called Foster Botanical Gardens); it was joined with a neighboring property that had been donated for park use by Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani], who had a cottage there when she was a princess, having earlier purchased the property from Queen Kalama; this northern section of the property is now known as Lili‘uokalani Garden.
Foster, Thomas R.—Ship owner; husband of Mary E. (Robinson) Foster; one of the initial organizers of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company; with his wife, purchased the Honolulu property of German botanist Dr. William Hillebrand (1821—1886), a Prussian doctor who arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1851 and became a royal physician working at Queen’s Hospital; Hillebrand was also a member of the Privy Council of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), and a famous botanist whose 1888 book became the best source regarding Hawaiian flora; Hillebrand experimented with various plants, animals, and birds, including many non-native species; Hillebrand bought the property in 1855 from Queen Kalama [Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili Kalama [Kamālama]], the wife of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); in 1930, Mary E. Foster willed (bequeathed) the 6 acres (2.4 ha) at Nu‘uanu Avenue and Vineyard Boulevard in downtown Honolulu (including the garden originally planted by William Hillebrand, for a city park and botanical garden (now called Foster Botanical Gardens); it was joined with a neighboring property that had been donated for park use by Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani], who had a cottage there when she was a princess, having earlier purchased the property from Queen Kalama; this northern section of the property is now known as Lili‘uokalani Garden; the T. R. Foster Building was constructed in 1891 at 902 Nu‘uanu Avenue in Honolulu’s Chinatown district; the building is known for its cast iron ornamentation; it now houses O‘Tooles Pub.
Franklin, Jane (Lady)—Brought to Hawaiian Islands by Robert Crichton Wyllie in 1861, along with her companion, Lady Franklin’s niece, Miss Sophia Craycroft; widow of renowned explorer Sir John Franklin; when Lady Jane Franklin came to the Hawaiian Islands in May of 1861, she was researching a book about the Franklin expedition to the North Pole; she had sailed to California and stopped in Honolulu on her way first to China and then back home to England; the 69-year-old, gray-haired Lady Franklin had just sailed to Alaska searching for information about her husband, who had been lost in the Arctic more than a decade earlier during his fourth expedition there; [throughout the 1850s several ships had been sent to find out what happened to John Franklin; then in 1859 some records and remnants of his expedition were finally found and it was discovered that he had died about twelve years earlier]; Wyllie and his two guests sailed into Hanalei Bay after first visiting O‘ahu and then the volcanoes of Hawai‘i Island; known as an aristocratic lady who believed English aristocracy and manners were superior; Wyllie apparently intended to make Lady Franklin Hawai‘i’s first baroness, establishing ties to the monarchies of Europe; Lady Jane Franklin loved to hike each day to the top of the hill behind Kikiula and enjoy the expansive view of the mountains and sea, which perhaps made her think of her husband who disappeared during his ocean journey; her daily hike to the top of the hill near Kikiula was likely one of the reasons Wyllie decided to give her that piece of land overlooking the bay, called Crow’s Nest, where she had previously proposed that a high-church Episcopal chapel be built to complement Wyllie’s estate; Wyllie also apparently believed that Lady Franklin would someday build a castle there; Bishop Willis determined that the site was not suitable for a church location as it would be too inconvenient for parishioners to climb the hill to attend services; the Bishop’s request for an exchange for land at a better location was approved, but then it was discovered that Lady Franklin actually had no claim to the land since no conveyance had ever been documented, and so the site remained a part of the Princeville Plantation; Wyllie was clear in his intentions that Lady Franklin return to Hanalei, but it was not to happen; Lady Jane Franklin and Miss Sophia Craycroft were visited at their home in London, England in 1865 by Queen Emma [Emma Na‘ea Rooke; Kalanikaumakeamano; Kaleleonālani] (1836—1885), the wife of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani); an account of this London visit is given in a book edited by Alfons L. Korn entitled: The Victorian Visitors: An Account of the Hawaiian Kingdom, 1861-1866 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1958). (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Franklin, John (Sir)—Wife of Lady Jane Franklin; renowned explorer; lost in the Arctic during his fourth expedition there; throughout the 1850s several ships had been sent to find out what happened to John Franklin; then in 1859 some records and remnants of his expedition were finally found and it was discovered that he had died about twelve years earlier. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Frear, Margaret—Daughter of Walter Francis Frear (1863—1948) and Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear.
Frear, Mary Emma (Dillingham) (1870—1957)—Born in Honolulu; eldest daughter of Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918) and Emma Louise (Smith) Dillingham; graduated from O‘ahu’s Punahou School (1888) and Wellesley College (1893); married Walter Francis Frear (1863—1948) in 1893; served on University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents (1920—1942); granddaughter of Lowell and Abigail Smith; Frear Hall on the campus of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa was named in her honor
Frear, Virginia—Daughter of Walter Francis Frear (1863—1948) and Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear.
Frear, Walter Francis (1863—1948)—Born in Grass Valley, California; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands at age seven with his parents; his father was a descendant of French Huguenots and his mother a descendant of the Pilgrims; graduated from Punahou School (1881), Yale University (1885), and Yale Law School (1890); practiced law for two years in partnership with Lorrin Andrews Thurston (1858—1931); in January of 1893 (just before the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy), Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani] appointed Frear second judge of the First Circuit Court; in March of 1893 (after the overthrow) the Provisional Government appointed Frear as Second Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; became First Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 1896, during the Republic; in 1900, appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawai‘i (1900—1907); appointed Governor of Territory of Hawai‘i by United States President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907, serving until November 29, 1913; became president of Bishop Trust Company in 1924 and was that company’s chairman of the board in 1934 when he retired; published various legal studies and other writings, including Mark Twain in Hawaii (Chicago: privately printed, 1947); married Mary Emma Dillingham and they would have two daughters, Margaret and Virginia.
Freycinet, Louis Claude Desaulces De (1779—1842)—French Navy captain; sent to explore Australian waters by Napoleon in 1800; in command of the French co