Damien—See DeVeuster, Joseph Damien.
Damon, Ethel Moseley (1883—1965)—Descendant of Samuel Chenery Damon (1815—1885); graduated from Wellesley College (1909); worked as a teacher at Punahou; in 1917, began two years of service in France with the American Red Cross; her work with refugees earned her the award of the Belgian Order of Elizabeth; wrote Koamalu: A Story of Pioneers on Kauai and of What They Built in That Island Garden. (Volume 1. Privately Printed, Honolulu, 1931); also published Letters from the Life of Abner and Lucy Wilcox, 1836-1869 (Honolulu: privately printed, 1950). (See Hanalei History, Chapter 2.)
Damon, Francis Williams (1852—1915)—Son of Samuel Chenery Damon (1815—1885); in 1884, married Mary R. Happar; the couple assisted in establishing the First Chinese Church of Christ; taught English to Chinese boys in their own residence beginning in 1892; their home/school was later named Mills School; Okamura School and Kawaiahao [Kawaiaha‘o] Girl’s Seminary were later joined with Mills School to begin what is today called Mid-Pacific Institute; with Julia Montague Cooke Atherton, helped to establish, in the Hawaiian Islands, the Free Kindergarten Association.
Damon, Harriet M. (Baldwin)—Wife of Samuel Mills Damon (1845—1924), who she married in 1872; they had (at least) ten children.
Damon, Julia Sherman (Mills)—Married Samuel Chenery Damon (1815—1885) in 1841
Damon, Mary R. (Happar)—Married Francis Williams Damon (1852—1915) in 1884; the couple assisted in establishing the First Chinese Church of Christ; taught English to Chinese boys in their own residence beginning in 1892; their home/school was later named Mills School; Okamura School and Kawaiahao [Kawaiaha‘o] Girl’s Seminary were later joined with Mills School to begin what is today called Mid-Pacific Institute; with Julia Montague Cooke Atherton, helped to establish, in the Hawaiian Islands, the Free Kindergarten Association.
Damon, Samuel Chenery (1815—1885)—Born in Massachusetts, attended Amherst College and then Andover Theological Seminary; ordained in 1841; married Julia Sherman Mills in 1841; and in 1842 they moved to Honolulu to at the direction of the American Seamen’s Friend Society, where Samuel served as the chaplain at Oahu [O‘ahu] Bethel Church for 42 years; Samuel and Julia Damon had five children including Samuel Mills Damon (1845—1924) and Francis Williams Damon; in 1843, Samuel Chenery Damon founded The Friend and served as editor and publisher of the monthly journal, which continued to be published for more than 100 years. (See Early Publications, Chapter 12.)
Damon, Samuel Mills (1845—1924)—Born in Honolulu to Samuel Chenery Damon (1815—1885); attended Punahou School; worked as a clerk at W. N. Ladd & Company; in 1872, married Harriet M. Baldwin and they would have (at least) ten children; began working for Bank of Bishop & Company in 1871, becoming a partner in 1881, then serving as head of the company beginning in 1894 when Charles Reed Bishop (1822—1915) moved to California and Damon purchased his interest in the firm, eventually also directing numerous large sugarcane plantations; in 1887, became King Kalākaua’s Minister of Finance, then continued to serve at the post during the time of the Provisional Government and into the era of the Republic of Hawai‘i; along with A. Garvie and landscape architect Donald MacIntyre, built the first golf course in the Hawaiian Islands in 1898 in Moanalua Valley, O‘ahu; during the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, Damon advised Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani] to relinquish her authority; sent to London in 1897 to represent the deposed Queen Lili‘uokalani at Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee; created Moanalua Gardens at his estate west of Honolulu on the land that was bequeathed to him by Princess Pauahi [Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop] (1831—1884).
Dampier, Robert (1800—1874)—Ship’s artist on the 46-gun frigate H.M.S. Blonde, which was under the command of Lord George Anson Byron (1749—1858), sent to the Hawaiian Islands to bring the bodies of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho) and Queen Kamāmalu [Kamāmalunuiomano] back from London, arriving back in the Hawaiian Islands on May 3, 1825; Dampier produced numerous drawings of the Hawaiian Islands and kept a journal; his account was edited by Pauline King Joerger and published in To the Sandwich Islands on H.M.S. “Blond” (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1971).
Darrow, Clarence—Renowned criminal lawyer; represented the defendants Lieutenent Thomas H. Massie (husband of Thalia Massie (c.1910—1963)), Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue, E. J. Lord, and Albert O. Jones, who were accused of the murder of Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was awaiting retrial on charges of criminal assault of 20-year-old Thalia Massie; the events of the Massie case began when Thalia and Thomas attended a party on September 12, 1931 at Honolulu’s Ala Wai Inn (a Honolulu nightclub formerly on the site of the present location of the Hawai‘i Convention Center), and was later found beaten and assaulted with her jaw broken in two places; Thalia Massie told authorities that she had been forced into a car and taken to Ala Moana Park where she was raped; five plantation workers who allegedly raped Thalia Massie (a Caucasian) were detained that night and taken to her hospital room, where she apparently identified the driver of the car, though later evidence claimed she only identified the attackers as “Hawaiian”; a medical report did not show any evidence of rape; further, there were rumors that Thalia’s husband had discovered her with another man, and had himself beaten her; the detained men, who were charged with criminal assault, were: Joseph Kahāhāwai [Kehahawai] (Joe Kalani) (Hawaiian); Shomatsu (Horace) Ida (Japanese); Henry Chang (Chinese-Hawaiian); Ben Ahakuelo, Hawaiian; and David Takai (Japanese-Hawaiian); the defendants were represented by Heen, William Haehae Heen (1883—1973); despite evidence pointing to the innocence of the detained men, they were assumed guilty by the national press, which ran stories about the brute locals preying on white women; the accused men were later set free due to lack of evidence, with a deadlocked jury that had taken 97 ballots in more than 100 hours of deliberation, on December 6, 1931, it was determined that the jury was deadlocked and could not agree on a conviction, and a mistrial was declared; the release of the accused men fueled racial tensions and violence in Honolulu, including animosity between the military and local residents; the story garnered national attention; while a retrial was still pending, Shomatsu (Horace) Ida was kidnapped and beaten on December 12, 1931; on January 8, 1932, one of the defendants, 20-year-old Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was said to have been the leader of the “School Street gang,” was kidnapped by Thalia Massie’s husband and mother and two Navy men; Kahāhāwai taken to a home in MānoaValley that had been rented by Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue (Thalia’s mother), and there Kahāhāwai was shot and killed; they placed the slain Kahāhāwai’s body in the trunk of their car and drove toward the rocky coastline near Koko Crater where they planned to dump the body; during the drive they were stopped by police and Kahāhāwai’s body was discovered in the back of the car; all four—Lieutenent Thomas H. Massie (husband of Thalia Massie), Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue, E. J. Lord, and Albert O. Jones—were indicted for second degree murder; Thomas H. Massie took responsibility for shooting Kahāhāwai, but his lawyer, the renowned Clarence Darrow, told the court his client was temporarily insane; the four were convicted on April 30, 1932 of manslaughter (with a recommendation of leniency) after 49 hours of deliberation by a jury under Judge Charles S. Davis, and they were sentenced to ten years hard labor at Oahu [O‘ahu] Prison; Governor Lawrence Judd (1877—1968) immediately commuted the sentence to one hour, to be served in his office; the attack on Thalia Massie, as well as the subsequent vigilante action and controversial court decisions contributed to racial tensions in the Islands for years to come; Thalia Massie later lived in Florida where she committed suicide in 1963.
Davies, Theophilus Harris (1833—1898)—Born in England; came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1856 at age 23 from Britain to work under a five year contract with a Honolulu merchandising business run by Robert Janion (with partners); Janion returned to England, and then in 1868, Davies opened a store called Theo H. Davies (Janion was a partner); Janion, Green & Company and Theo H. Davies merged, and then in 1894 incorporated, at the time serving as financial agents for 22 sugar plantations in the Hawaiian Islands; befriended of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); member of the Episcopal Church of Honolulu and prominent Honolulu businessman; having earned a large amount of money, Davies moved to England where he served as the guardian of Princess Ka‘iulani when she attended boarding school there; after the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in 1893, Davies accompanied the 17-year-old Princess Ka‘iulani (who was in England at the time) to Washington D.C. to appeal to President Grover Cleveland for the restoration of the monarchy (she was heir to the throne); Cleveland eventually ordered the monarchy restored, though this never occurred; Theo H. Davies & Company was one of Hawai‘i’s “Big Five” companies (the other four were American Factors (Amfac); C. Brewer & Co.; Alexander & Baldwin; and Castle & Cooke); with their interlocking directorates, the “Big Five” companies cooperated to control every aspect of their trade, from the workers in the fields to the laws and politics of the Hawaiian Kingdom; in 1933, the amount of land in the Hawaiian Islands dedicated to sugar production totaled more than 250,000 acres (101,170 ha), and about 96 percent of the sugar crop was controlled by the “Big Five” companies (see The Sugarcane Era, Chapter 12).
Davies, William—Captain of the steamer Waimanalo; on January 3, 1895, Colonel Samuel Nowlein, an advisor to Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani], informed fellow revolutionist Prince Kūhiō [Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi] (1871-1922) that officers of the Republic of Hawai‘i had discovered that they were planning to stage a counter-revolution to restore the rule of Queen Lili‘uokalani (who had been deposed in 1893), and that the officers knew of the arms and ammunition that were going to be used for this purpose and that these arms were on the Waimanalo offshore of O‘ahu; Prince Kūhiō, with Robert W. Wilcox (1855—1903) and John Henry Wise (1869—1937), then sailed out to the Waimanalo in a canoe at Queen Lili‘uokalani’s Waikīkī boathouse; the weapons had been loaded into two boats; under the command of Wilcox, the two boats sailed for Moloka‘i until out of sight of the Waimanalo, then headed to Kāhala where the men buried the weapons under the sand; [on January 6, 1895, a small group of royalists, mostly native Hawaiians in support Queen Lili‘uokalani, attempted a counter-revolution to overthrow the Republic and restore the Queen; the uprising apparently took place without the participation of Queen Lili‘uokalani, who denied any involvement; hundreds of men were arrested; on January 7, 1895, Martial Law was declared and a military commission was appointed to court-martial Queen Lili‘uokalani and others; in all, 37 people were found guilty of treason and open rebellion, 141 guilty of treason, and 12 guilty of misprision; twenty-two people were exiled to the United States].
Davis, Isaac [‘Aikake] (1758—1810)—Tied to a canoe and left half blind and nearly dead when Kame‘eiamoku attacked the Fair American, which was under the command of Simon Metcalfe’s 18-year-old son, Thomas, who was killed with all of the Fair American’s crew except Davis (the boatswain); it is said that Davis’ life was spared because of his brave fighting; Simon Metcalfe left his boatswain, John Young (I) (later known as ‘Olohana) (c.1749—1835), onshore and sailed away from the Hawaiian Islands without knowing if his son has been killed; the Fair American was then taken over by King Kamehameha I; [Simon Metcalfe was a pioneer trader on America’s Northwest Coast; in command of the snow Eleanora in the Hawaiian Islands in 1790 when one of his skiffs was stolen by the chief Ka‘ōpūiki; to exact revenge, Metcalfe lured many natives in canoes to his ship to trade, and then opened cannon fire on them, killing more than 100 Hawaiians (this later came to be known as the Olowalu Massacre); off the coast of Hawai‘i Island, Metcalfe then punished Kame‘eiamoku (a high chief, and one of the sacred twins of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]) by whipping him; some weeks later, Kame‘eiamoku sought his revenge by attacking the Fair American]; fought on the side of the young warrior Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I) against the warriors of Kalanikūpule and Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Keawe-Ka‘iana a ‘Ahu‘ula; Ka‘iana] in the 1795 invasion of O‘ahu, manning the cannons in the Battle of Nu‘uanu along with Peter Anderson and John Young (I) [‘Olohana] (c.1749—1835); grandfather of Isaac Young Davis; died after apparently being poisoned for warning Kaua‘i’s vassal ruler Kaumuali‘i of a plot against his life (this occurred when Kaumuali‘i went to O‘ahu to cede Kaua‘i to King Kamehameha I); Davis’ daughter, Betty, was married to Kaumuali‘i’s son, George Prince Kaumuali‘i (Humehume); after Isaac Davis (‘Aikake) died, the three children from his second marriage were adopted by John Young (I) [‘Olohana] (c.1749—1835).
Davis, Isaac Young (1824—1882)—Grandson of Isaac Davis [‘Aikake], who was attacked on the Fair American by Kame‘eiamoku (a high chief, and one of the sacred twins of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]) in retaliation for the 1790 “Olowalu Massacre” by Simon Metcalfe; with Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, Isaac Young Davis was the father of Kaeolaokalani, who died at the age of six months.
Davis, Louis E.—Architect; designed the Honolulu Police Station (now City Departments), which was constructed at 842 Bethel Street (at Merchant Street) in 1931, replacing the 1886 police station; the Honolulu Police Station was built at a cost of $235,000 and was used by the Honolulu Police Department until they moved to the old Sears store in 1967; judges chambers are located on the second and third floors; the building’s style is Spanish Colonial Revival, also called Spanish Mission Revival; the building is notable for its interior tilework (ceramic tile wainscoting) and cornice-work as well as wrought iron and cast-concrete balconies, window grilles made of perforated concrete and metal, a coffered wooden ceiling, and an exterior staircase; the station’s front door is more than 18 feet (5.5 m) tall, and adorned with terra cotta scrolls and columns; eleven tons (10 mtons) of Roja Alacante marble for the interior of the Honolulu Police Station came from France, and the doors were made from Philippines mahogany; previously a brick building was on the same site, and had cells in the basement; the lot was originally purchased by King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] in 1885; in 1973, the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Davis, William—Navigator of the winning plane in the Dole Air Derby, held on August 16, 1927; the pilot was Art Goebel; billed as the first trans-oceanic flight race, with entrants competing for the prizes of $25,000 and $10,000, which were offered by James Drummond Dole, president of Hawaiian Pineapple Company; eight planes left Oakland, California for the Hawaiian Islands; this was the first race from the United States Mainland to the Hawaiian Islands; a total of ten lives were lost when two planes crashed on take-off; two planes encountered difficulties and had to turn back; and two planes disappeared over the Pacific Ocean; Goebel and Davis flew the monoplane Woolaroc, finishing with just 4 gallons (15 liters) of fuel to spare; taking second place was Martin Jensen (with navigator Paul Schluter) in the Aloha. (See Aviation, Chapter 12.)
Davis, William Heath—Along with Jonathan and Nathan Winship, signed a contract with King Kamehameha I in 1812, granting them exclusive rights to export and sell sandalwood from all of the Hawaiian Islands except Kaua‘i; Jonathan and Nathan Winship first visited the Hawaiian Islands in 1806; under the command of Jonathan Winship, the O’Cain, a Boston trading ship, arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in the spring of 1806; chief mate of the ship was Jonathan’s brother, Nathan Winship; the brothers returned to O‘ahu in October of 1806; in the spring of 1810, Nathan returned as captain of the Albatross, and transported Kaua‘i’s ruler, Kamuali‘i, to O‘ahu so he could cede his land to
Day, A. Grove—Author; wrote and edited dozens of books; wrote: Rascals in Paradise (with James A. Michener); Hawaii and Its People; Hawaii, Fiftieth Star; Hawaii: A History (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948, 1961, with Ralph S. Kuykendall (1885—1963)); Books About Hawaii: Fifty Basic Authors; and History Makers of Hawaii: A Biographical Dictionary (Honolulu: Mutual Publishing, March, 1984) (an important source for this glossary).
D’Castro, Juan Elliot—First trained foreign doctor in the Hawaiian Islands; became the physician and secretary of King Kamehameha I in 1811; previously a surgeon on merchant and naval vessels at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro.
Dean, Arthur L.—Served as President of the College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] (1914—1927); [the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts was established in downtown Honolulu in 1907 (opening on September 15, 1908) as a result of a resolution introduced in the Legislature by Senator William Joseph Coelho; it was renamed College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1911, and renamed the University of Hawai‘i in 1920].
Desha, Elizabeth—Daughter of Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) and Mary Kaakopua (Kekumano) Desha; sister of Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957) and John R. Desha.
Desha, Eliza “Laika” Hoa (Brewer)—Wife of John Rollin Langhern Desha; they would have three children, including Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (July 11, 1859—1934); John and Laika arrived in Hawaiian Islands on November 5, 1847.
Desha, Hattie (Kamaka)—First wife of Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934); passed away due to tuberculosis a few months after they were married.
Desha, John R.—Son of Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) and Mary Kaakopua (Kekumano) Desha; brother of Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957) and Elizabeth Desha; graduated from Harvard University; served as secretary for Prince Kūhiō [Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi] (1871-1922); founded Desha & Desha law firm with Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957) (his brother) in 1919; judge.
Desha, John Rollin Langhern—Son of Joseph Desha (governor of Kentucky); married Eliza “Laika” Hoa (Brewer) Desha and they would have three children, including Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934); John and Laika arrived in Hawaiian Islands on November 5, 1847; employed as a druggist; later worked as a purveyor; beginning in 1860 worked at Queen’s Hospital as a nurse; father of Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934); passed away in December of 1871.
Desha, Joseph—Governor of Kentucky; father of John Rollin Langhern Desha.
Desha, Julia (Keonaona)—Married Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) (his fourth wife) in 1915.
Desha, Mary Kaakopua (Kekumano)—Married Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) (his second wife) in 1884; they had three children, including Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957), John R. Desha, and Elizabeth Desha.
Desha, Rose (Kapu)—Widow; married Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) (his third wife) in 1907; passed away due to a heart problem in 1909.
Desha, Stephen Langhern (Jr.) (1885—1957)—Born on Hawai‘i Island at Nāpō‘opo‘o to Stephen Langhern Desha Sr. (1859—1934) and Mary Kaakopua (Kekumano) Desha; brother of John R. Desha and Elizabeth Desha; attended Kamehameha School for Boys and then Punahou School; public school teacher; clerk at District Court of South Hilo (1910—1913); earned a bachelor degree in law from George Washington University (1917); founded Desha & Desha law firm with Judge John R. Desha (his brother) in 1919; South Hilo district judge and United States Commissioner (1920—1934); went to San Francisco Theological Seminary in 1934 and joined the ministry; in 1950, succeeded his father as pastor of Hilo’s Haili Church. (See Desha, Stephen Langhern (Sr.))
Desha, Stephen Langhern (Sr.) (July 11, 1859—July 22, 1934)—Born on Maui to John Rollin Langhern Desha and Eliza “Laika” Hoa (Brewer) Desha; educated at Royal School beginning at age 11; graduated in 1883 from Honolulu’s North Pacific Missionary Institute (operated by the Hawaiian Evangelical Association); married Hattie Kamaka, who passed away a few months later from tuberculosis; in 1884, married Mary Kaakopua Kekumano and they would have three children, including Stephen Langhern Desha Jr. (1885—1957); John R. Desha, and Elizabeth Desha; married Rose Kapu (a widow) in 1907, and she died of a heart problem in 1909; married Julia Keonaona in 1915; pastor of Kona’s Napoopoo [Nāpō‘opo‘o] Church (1884—1889); pastor of Haili Church (1889—July 22, 1934); known as a gifted orator; entered Territorial Senate (Republican) in 1913; re-elected for the next 21 years; became editor and president of the Hawaiian-language newspaper Ka Hoku o Hawaii [The Star of Hawai‘i] in 1907; [the paper was published from 1906 to 1948]; when Prince Kūhiō [Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi] passed away in 1922, Desha delivered the final prayer and farewell at the memorial service at Kawaiaha‘o Church.
Dikon, Roger—One of twelve Island chefs who founded Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Inc. in August of 1991 on Maui; the twelve chefs who formed the association developed a world-class cuisine centering around fresh local fish and high-quality, locally-grown vegetables and herbs as well as exotic Island fruits, and utilizing a blend of hybrid cooking styles and culinary techniques from both the Eastern and Western traditions; Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine has now won numerous major international culinary awards; the twelve chefs that conceptualized Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine are Sam Choy, Mark Ellman, Roger Dikon, Beverly Gannon, Jean-Marie Josselin, Amy Ferguson Ota, George Mavrothalassitis, Philippe Padovani, Peter Merriman, Gary Strehl, Roy Yamaguchi, and Alan Wong. (See Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Chapter 12.)
DeVeuster, Joseph Damien [Father Damien]—Belgian priest; volunteered in 1873 to minister to the needy at the Kalaupapa leper (Hansen’s disease) colony; [in 1865, the first victims of Hansen’s disease (leprosy) in the Hawaiian Islands arrived at Kalawao on Moloka‘i’s Kalaupapa Peninsula, beginning the practice of segregating patients at the remote site; Hansen’s disease is caused by the slow-growing bacterium Mycobacterium leprae; over the following decades, nearly 9,000 Hansen’s disease patients were quarantined at Kalaupapa, Peninsula, which is located along Moloka‘i’s north-central coast, and is surrounded on three sides by ocean and on the other side by cliffs rising up 2,000 to 3,000 feet (610 to 914 m)]; in 1874, built Our Lady of Sorrows Catholic Church at Kalua‘aha, Moloka‘i on the site of Moloka‘i’s first Christian mission; served tirelessly to help the residents of Kalaupapa; died there of leprosy 16 years later, in 1889; body exhumed in 1936 on Moloka‘i and sent to Belgium; bones from Father Damien’s hand were reinterred on Moloka‘i; today Father Damien’s spirit lives on as one of Hawai‘i’s beloved heroes; referred to as the “Martyr of Moloka‘i,” Father Damien is immortalized in a statue that faces Beretania St. on O‘ahu, in front of the State Capitol Building, and another statue in Washington D.C.’s National Statuary Hall; Pope John Paul II beatified Father Damien on June 4, 1995 in Brussels, Belgium, bringing the priest one step closer to sainthood. (See Heroes of Kalaupapa—Father Damien and Mother Marianne, Chapter 12.)
Dibble, Sheldon (1809—1845)—Reverend; missionary; served on Hawai‘i Island at the Hilo mission station (which was established in 1824); history teacher at Maui’s Lahainaluna Seminary, which was founded in 1831 by American Protestant missionaries as a seminary of advanced education for young Hawaiian men, with an overarching missionary goal of advancing Christianity; had his students collect oral histories from their own elders and other native Hawaiians; resulted in the gathering of a great deal of information about the pre-contact past of the Hawaiian Islands; in 1838, published Ka Moolele Hawaii, a history of the Hawaiian Islands written in the Hawaiian language (mo‘o ‘ōlelo means “story” or “history”[i]); the book was translated into English a few years later and then published in the Hawaiian Spectator newspaper; in 1839, published A History and General Views of the Sandwich Islands Mission (New York: Taylor & Dodd), and then in 1843, History of the Sandwich Islands (Lahaina, Maui: Press of the Mission Seminary); Dibble’s historical reports were developed with the assistance of two particularly prolific Lahainaluna students, David Malo (c.1793-1853) and Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (1815-1876). (See Early Publications, Chapter 12.)
Dickey, Charles H.—Installed the first commercial telegraph system in the Hawaiian Islands in 1877 between his stores in Ha‘ikū and Makawao on Maui; as head of the East Maui Telegraph Company in 1878, installed the first telephone line in the Hawaiian Islands, between Wailuku, Maui and Kahului [Alexander Graham had patented the telephone in 1876; the Hawaiian Bell Telephone Company was incorporated in 1880]. (See Communication, Chapter 12.)
Dickey, Charles William (1871—1942)—Born in Alameda, California; graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1894); married Frances Greene in 1899; architect, with C. B. Ripley, of the Bishop Estate Building, which was constructed in 1896 on Merchant Street in Honolulu; the structure was built in the Romanesque Revival style, using blue stone; architect, with C. B. Ripley, of the Irwin Block, constructed in 1897 at 928 Nu‘uanu Avenue in Honolulu’s Chinatown district by William G. Irwin, a sugarcane entrepreneur; the building’s style is Richardsonian Romanesque; the exterior is rough-hewn volcanic stone and brick; the building was used for about 25 years by Yoichi Takakuwa as a wholesale store and political headquarters; in 1923, the building was bought by Nippu Jiji (a Japanese-language newspaper originally founded as The Yamato in 1895 and later called Hawaii Times), which occupied the building until 1984; cornices on the building show the dates 1895 and 1923; in 1973, the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places; extensive interior renovations took place in 1982, and an interior mezzanine level was added along with a five-story addition on the rear of the building; architect of the six-story Stangenwald Building, constructed in 1901 at 119 Merchant Street in Honolulu, on the site of the offices of Hugo Stangenwald (1829—1899), a Honolulu physician who passed away in 1899; the building is noted for its Italian Renaissance elements; features include arched windows, pressed-copper trim, terra cotta ornamentation, and a wrought-iron balustrade; the Stangenwald Building is considered the first skyscraper in the Hawaiian Islands, and for more than a half century it was the tallest building in Honolulu; it also had the first electric elevator in the Hawaiian Islands, and housed the first shared law library in the Hawaiian Islands; built in the wake of the devastating Chinatown fire (the fire was intentionally set on January 20, 1900, in the Chinatown area of Honolulu to rid the area of disease-infected tenement homes harboring the bubonic plague; the fire accidentally got out of control and burned more than 38 acres (15 ha), displacing more than 4,000 residents; the fire was started at the corner of Nu‘uanu and Beretania, and burned for at least 17 days); the Stangenwald Building was constructed of brick and concrete, with a steel frame and built-in fire hoses; considered Honolulu’s first fully fireproof structure, the building was built with fireproof vaults on every floor; in 1980, a restoration of the structure was completed under Honolulu architect James Tsugawa; architect, with Hart Wood (1880—1957), of Honolulu Hale, Honolulu’s City Hall, which was built in 1927 at South King and Punchbowl Streets to provide offices for the mayor and city council; designed by architects Wood, Dickey, and others, the building has pillars and arches, decorative balconies, ceiling frescoes, and a tiled roof; Honolulu Hale was modeled after Florence, Italy’s Bargello Palace, which was built in the 13th century; the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 (see O‘ahu section, Chapter 2; and Honolulu Hale, Chapter 12); architect of the Alexander & Baldwin Building with Charles William Dickey (1871—1942); the Alexander & Baldwin Building was constructed in 1929 at 822 Bishop Street in downtown Honolulu; the building was constructed in memory of Henry Perrine Baldwin (1842—1911) and Samuel Thomas Alexander (1836—1904), the founders of the Alexander & Baldwin firm, one of Hawai‘i’s “Big Five” companies; the building is notable for its recessed entry with mosaic murals; architect, with engineer John Young, of Honolulu’s Central Fire Station, which opened at 104 South Beretania Street in 1934, and became the headquarters of the Honolulu Fire Department; the building’s style is Moderne, with elements of Art Deco (e.g., the aluminum garage doors); the two-story Central Fire Station building is a large rectangular structure, five bays wide, including three garage bays in the middle, and a hose tower at the rear of the building; later additions increased office space; the building has louver windows, and a balcony on one end of the structure; the Central Fire Station was placed on the National and Hawai‘i Registers of Historic Places in 1980; other buildings designed by Dickey include Maui’s Kula Sanatorium, Kaua‘i’s Wilcox Memorial Hospital; the Kona Inn and Naniloa Hotel on Hawai‘i Island, and O‘ahu buildings including the Kamehameha School for Boys, the Castle & Cooke Building, the Halekūlani Hotel, Punahou School’s Montague Hall as well as the Waikīkī Theater and Hilo, Varsity, and Toyo theaters.
Dickey, Frances(Greene)—Married Charles William Dickey (1871—1942) in 1899.
Dickson, Joshua G.—With Charles Montague Cooke Sr. (1849—1909) and Robert Lewers (1836—1924), became partners in his cousin’s firm (after Christopher H. Lewers passed away); the firm became known as Lewers & Cooke after Dickson passed away in 1880.
Diell, Caroline—Wife of John Diell, who organized the O‘ahu Bethel Church in 1837; the church held 500 people and was the first church in the Hawaiian Islands for foreigners; Diell and his wife distributed Bibles and religious tracts as well as spelling books intended to help sailors to read.
Diell, John (1808—1841)—Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1833 with the Sixth Company of American missionaries; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820); opened the Seamen’s Bethel in Honolulu; served as first chaplain of the American Seamen’s Friend Society; organized the O‘ahu Bethel Church in 1837; the church held 500 people and was the first church in the Hawaiian Islands for foreigners; Diell and his wife Caroline distributed Bibles and religious tracts as well as spelling books intended to help sailors to read.
Dillingham, Benjamin Franklin (1844—1918)—Born in West Brewster, Massachusetts; traveled around Cape Horn at age 14; served as first officer on the bark Whistler, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1844, and during this visit Dillingham was thrown by a horse in Honolulu and broke his leg, leading to an long stay in the hospital; married Emma Louise Smith (daughter of Reverend Lowell Smith) in 1869, and they would have four children: Harold Garfield Dillingham, Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear (1870—1957), Marion (Dillingham) Erdman, and Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963); worked in the hardware store of Henry Dimond (1808—1895); purchased Dimond’s business with financial assistance provided by Alfred Castle, and renamed it Dillingham & Company; began efforts to build a railroad connecting O‘ahu’s north shore with Honolulu; purchased thousands of acres of the ‘Ewa plain to begin the cultivation of sugarcane using Portuguese laborers; in 1888, Dillingham (and partners) were granted a franchise for the O‘ahu Steam Railway and soon 170 miles (274 km) of track were laid (railroads also began operating on Hawai‘i Island and Maui); the growing of sugarcane in ‘Ewa was made possible by the drilling of artesian wells there by the McCandless Brothers (James, John, and Lincoln); soon began supporting the development of sugarcane plantations on O‘ahu (Honolulu, Waialua, Kahuku, Hawai‘i Island (Olaa [‘Ōla‘a] Sugar Company, Puna Sugar Company, Ltd.), Kaua‘i (McBryde Sugar Company), and Maui (Kihei [Kīhei] Plantation Company, Ltd.); formed the Oahu [O‘ahu] Railway & Land Company in 1888; the first train, a Baldwin locomotive and two excursion cars, ran on September 4, 1889; with the permission of King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua], the first 9 miles (14.5 km) of track opened on November 16, 1889 (King Kalākaua’s 53rd birthday) when about 4,000 Hawaiian residents enjoyed free rides; the opening of the railroad had a significant influence on generating land sales and helping the sugar and pineapple industries; on Hawai‘i Island, created a railroad enterprise that was later known as Hawaii [Hawai‘i] Consolidated Railway; railroad use in the Hawaiian Islands peaked in the early 1900s with seven major railroads running on about 160 miles (257 km) of track; the rails were mostly used to carry sugar and pineapple as well as construction materials; during World War II the rails carried significant amounts of military personnel as well as civilians; Oahu [O‘ahu] Railway and Land Company’s “narrow gauge” line with its double-track main line was one of the most advanced rail systems, including Mikado locomotives and automatic block signals; Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963), the son of Benjamin, eventually took over the management of many of the family’s businesses so his father could retire, though Benjamin remained president of Oahu [O‘ahu] Railway & Land Company until he passed away in 1918; the Oahu [O‘ahu] Railway & Land Train Terminal opened in 1927 at 325 North King Street near the piers of Honolulu Harbor; designed by architect Bertram Goodhue, the building’s style is Spanish Mission Revival; the Terminal structure features a somewhat open arcade area on the ground floor, stucco walls, a red tile roof, and a four-sided clock tower; with the proliferation of paved roads in the early 1900s, train use gradually declined; in 1947 passenger service ended and the building was used as a bus depot, then sat empty for a time before being utilized by other businesses; [the building was placed on the Hawai‘i Register of Historic Places in 1987, and the National Register in 1979; a $1.6 million major renovation took place in 2001]; the Dillingham Transportation Building was constructed at 735 Bishop Street in Honolulu in 1929; the architect was Lincoln Rogers of San Diego, California; the building was constructed in the Italian Renaissance/Mediterranean Revival style, and the arcade and entrance lobby display different colors of bricks and marble used with Art Deco patterns and paneled beams; a plaque on the building commemorates Benjamin Franklin Dillingham; the family’s connection to transportation also shows in the twisted-rope decorations lining the street openings; the location of the Dillingham Transportation Building is not far from Honolulu’s piers, and medallions on the arched entrances show sailboats and steam vessels; the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Dillingham, Benjamin Franklin (Jr.)—Son of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Louise Olga (Gaylord) Dillingham.
Dillingham, Elizabeth Louise—Son of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Louise Olga (Gaylord) Dillingham.
Dillingham, Emma Louise (Smith)—Daughter of Reverend Lowell Smith; married Benjamin Franklin Dillingham in 1869, and they would have four children: Harold Garfield Dillingham, Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear (1870—1957), Marion (Dillingham) Erdman, and Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963).
Dillingham, Harold Garfield—Son of Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918) and Emma Louise (Smith) Dillingham; brother of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Marion (Dillingham) Erdman; took over the management of family businesses in 1904 along with his brother Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) due to their father’s illness.
Dillingham, Henry Gaylord—Son of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Louise Olga (Gaylord) Dillingham; pilot killed during World War II.
Dillingham, Walter Francis (1875—1963)—Born in Honolulu; son of Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918) and Emma Louise (Smith) Dillingham; attended Punahou School and then Harvard University; during the 1895 counter-revolution, served as commander of mounted reserves, and as a sharpshooter; worked at Oahu [O‘ahu] Land & Rail Company as a clerk; took over the management of family businesses in 1904 along with his brother Harold Garfield Dillingham due to their father’s illness; in 1910, married Louise Olga Gaylord in Florence, Italy, and they would have four children including Elizabeth Louise Dillingham, Henry Gaylord Dillingham, Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (Jr.), and Lowell Smith Dillingham; served as manager of Dowsett & Company Ltd. in 1900; established Hawaiian Dredging Company, Ltd. and served as the company’s manager and Treasurer; the firm developed and improved harbors statewide, including Kamelapau, Ahukini, Hilo, Kahului, and Honolulu, and at the Pearl Harbor Naval Base the company assisted in the completion of a massive dry dock in 1919; the Hawaiian Dredging Company also dredged Kewalo Basin and helped reclaim certain lands in Waikīkī and Ala Moana Park, and undertook significant projects at Guam and Wake Islands, Midway Atoll, Johnston Atoll, and O‘ahu’s Kāne‘ohe Bay; assisted in building the Los Angeles Steamship Company (which later merged with Matson Navigation Company); avid competitor in the sport of polo; founded the Hawaiian Polo and Racing Association; advocated the construction of the Dillingham Transportation Building at 735 Bishop Street in Honolulu in 1929; the architect was Lincoln Rogers of San Diego, California; the building was constructed in the Italian Renaissance/Mediterranean Revival style, and the arcade and entrance lobby display different colors of bricks and marble used with Art Deco patterns and paneled beams; a plaque on the building commemorates Benjamin Franklin Dillingham; the family’s connection to transportation also shows in the twisted-rope decorations lining the street openings; the location of the Dillingham Transportation Building is not far from Honolulu’s piers, and medallions on the arched entrances show sailboats and steam vessels [the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979]; led by Walter Francis Dillingham, the Hawaiian Dredging Company purchased 50 acres (20 ha) of swamp land in 1912 and brought coral there from nearby dredging projects; plans for a shopping center were developed in 1948 by Walter Dillingham’s son, Lowell Smith Dillingham, who was president of Hawaiian Land Company (a Hawaiian Dredging Company affiliate); in 1931, the City and County of Honolulu acted to clean up the region, which had also been the site of a refuse dump; President Franklin Delano Roosevelt dedicated Moana Park in 1934, and it was renamed Ala Moana in 1947; eventually sand was brought to the beachfront area, and the two-story Ala Moana Shopping Center was built on an adjacent 50 acres (20 ha) of land using coral fill dredged from the offshore reef; construction began in 1957, and Ala Moana Shopping Center opened on August 3, 1959, the same year Hawai‘i was admitted as the 50th state; at the initial opening of the $28 million, two-level shopping center on August 13, 1959, there were 87 stores, totalling 680 square feet (63 sq.m.) of space), and 5,000 parking stalls; some of the stores at Ala Moana were Woolworth, Longs, Sears, McInerney’s, Hartfields, Carousel, Chandler’s, Foodland, Shirokiya, and Uyehara’s Service Station; the second phase of Ala Moana opened in 1966, increasing the shopping center’s area to 1.35 million square feet (.12 million sq. m) with a total of 155 stores (see Ala Moana, Chapter 12); celebrities and others were often hosted at La Pietra, the Diamond Head home of Walter and Louise.
Dillingham, Louise Olga (Gaylord)—Married Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) in 1910 in Florence Italy; they had four children including Elizabeth Louise Dillingham, Henry Gaylord Dillingham, Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (Jr.), and Lowell Smith Dillingham.
Dillingham, Lowell Smith—Son of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963) and Louise Olga (Gaylord) Dillingham; the Hawaiian Dredging Company, led by Walter F. Dillingham, had purchased 50 acres (20 ha) of swamp land there in 1912 and brought coral from nearby dredging projects (see Ala Wai Canal, Chapter 2); in 1931, the City and County of Honolulu acted to clean up the region, which had also been the site of a refuse dump; President Franklin Delano Roosevelt dedicated Moana Park in 1934, and it was renamed Ala Moana in 1947; as president of Hawaiian Land Company (a Hawaiian Dredging Company affiliate) Lowell developed a plan for a shopping center at Ala Moana in 1948; sand was brought to the beachfront area, and the two-story Ala Moana Shopping Center was built on an adjacent 50 acres (20 ha) of land using coral fill dredged from the offshore reef; construction on the shopping center began in 1957; Ala Moana Shopping Center opened on August 3, 1959, the same year Hawai‘i was admitted as the 50th state; at the initial opening of the $28 million, two-level shopping center on August 13, 1959, there were 87 stores, totalling 680 square feet (63 sq.m.) of space), and 5,000 parking stalls; some of the stores at Ala Moana were Woolworth, Longs, Sears, McInerney’s, Hartfields, Carousel, Chandler’s, Foodland, Shirokiya, and Uyehara’s Service Station; the second phase of Ala Moana opened in 1966, increasing the shopping center’s area to 1.35 million square feet (.12 million sq. m) with a total of 155 stores (see Ala Moana, Chapter 12.)
Dillon, Guillaume Patrice—Caused a conflict between the French and the Hawaiian monarchy when his complaints led to the arrival of Rear Admiral Legoarant de Tromelin in Honolulu in April of 1848 in command of two French ships: the Gassendi (a steam corvette) and the La Poursuivante; Tromelin demanded equality of worship and an end to duties on French imports, claiming these acts violated an earlier treaty; his ten demands were sent to King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) and included equality of worship; Tromelin also engaged in reprisals that included taking over government buildings, ransacking Fort Kekuanohu in Honolulu, and seizing the yacht of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); when Tromelin departed ten days later, he took with him Guillaume Patrice Dillon, whose complaints had initiated the conflict; [on June 7, 1839, King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) had issued a Declaration of Rights that came to be known as the Hawaiian Magna Carta; on June 17, 1839, King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) issued an Edict of Toleration regarding religious differences, reversing his earlier stance banning the practice and teaching of Catholicism; Cyrille Pierre Theodore Laplace arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on July 9, 1839 in command of the Navy frigate Artemise; commissioned by the French government to demand rights for French citizens in the Hawaiian Islands “with all the force that is yours to use,” and to seek “complete reparation for the wrongs which have been committed”; despite the earlier Edict of Toleration issued by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), Laplace threatened war and made a series of demands that included freedom of worship for Catholics, a site for a Catholic Church, and $20,000 in reparations (which was paid by local merchants); Laplace’s threats of war forced King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) to agree to a treaty with five demands related to allowing Catholic worship in the Hawaiian Islands; this was in response to King Kamehameha III’s earlier ordinance rejecting the Catholic religion; the demands were met by Kuhina Nui (Premier) Kekāuluohi [Miriam ‘Auhea] and Governor Kekuanao‘a; on July 17, 1839, Laplace made additional demands for special privileges for French residents of the Hawaiian Islands, and for French imports, including brandies and wines; also on July 17, 1839, King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) and Laplace signed the Convention of 1839 granting numerous protections to French citizens in the Hawaiian Islands; Laplace’s activities alarmed officials of Great Britain and the United States, and eventually led to official recognition of Hawaiian independence by all three countries: France, Great Britain, and the United States; the “Declaration of Rights” that had been issued by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) on June 7, 1839 was a predecessor to Hawai‘i’s first formal constitution in 1840, and also served as the constitution’s preamble; on May 5, 1840, the exiled Father Maigret arrived in the Hawaiian Islands along with two other priests and Bishop Rouchouze, the vicar apostolic of the Pacific; on O‘ahu a church was built using stone, and Catholic schools and churches were also built on other Hawaiian Islands; in November of 1841 a Catholic printing press began operating (and would continue operating until the end of the century); Captain S. Mallet was sent to the Hawaiian Islands by Admiral Abel du Petit-Thouars to investigate whether the 1839 treaties that had been signed with Cyrille Pierre Theodore Laplace had been violated; Mallet arrived in 1842 in command of the Embuscade, causing concern that he would attempt to claim the Hawaiian Islands for France; Mallet’s primary concerns were the freedom of Catholic priests to worship and preach, and also the ability of the French to freely import wines; he left Hawaiian Islands in September of 1842; as a result of Mallet’s arrival Ahuimanu [‘Āhuimanu] School (a Catholic school) was established on O‘ahu. (See French/Catholics, Chapter 12.)
Dimond, Henry (1808—1895)—Born in Fairfield, Connecticut; studied bookbinding; attended New York University; married Ann Maria Anner in November of 1834; the couple came to the Hawaiian Islands with the Seventh Company of American missionaries, arriving on December 5, 1834 on the Hellespont, which was under the command of Captain Henry; initially stationed at the Mission Press (the Honolulu mission was established in 1820); [the first printing in the North Pacific region had been done by Elisha Loomis (1799—1836) on January 7, 1822, using a second hand Ramage press brought to Hawaiian Islands on the Thaddeus with the First Company of American missionaries in 1820; the printing was done in a grass-roofed hut in Honolulu at the site that is now Kawaiaha‘o Church, and is considered the birthplace of the written Hawaiian language; this was the beginning of the Mission Press, which eventually printed millions of pages, many in the Hawaiian language; the Hale Pa‘i, or Printing Office, was constructed in 1823 using coral blocks]; Henry and Ann had seven children, including Mary Catherine (Dimond) Stangenwald (who married Hugo Stangenwald (1829—1899) in 1854); released from his mission duties in 1850, Dimond began working in the mercantile business in Honolulu; owned a hardware store that employed Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918), who eventually purchased Dimond’s business with financial assistance provided by Alfred Castle, and renamed it Dillingham & Company.
Dimond, Ann Maria (Anner) (1808—1895)—Married Henry Dimond (1808—1895) in November of 1834; they came to the Hawaiian Islands with the Seventh Company of American missionaries, arriving on December 5, 1834 on the Hellespont, which was under the command of Captain Henry; initially stationed at the Mission Press (the Honolulu mission was established in 1820); Henry and Ann had seven children, including Mary Catherine (Dimond) Stangenwald (who married Hugo Stangenwald (1829—1899) in 1854).
Dixon, George—In command of the Queen Charlotte, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on May 24, 1786, along with the King George under the command of Nathaniel Portlock; arriving at Kealakekua Bay from London, Dixon and Portlock were the first foreign captains to reach the Hawaiian Islands after the death of Captain Cook in 1779; the two ships stopped in the Hawaiian Islands on their way from London to China after having stopped at America’s Northwest Coast; both the Queen Charlotte and the King George were sponsored by the King George Sound Company, which had gained exclusive trading rights on America’s Northwest Coast in an attempt to avoid conflict with the East India Company and the South Sea Company; the ships sailed on to Waimea, Kaua‘i, and scouted out likely ports for rest and provisioning for future fur trading vessels sailing to China from the Pacific Northwest; George Dixon had been an armorer on the Discovery under Captain Cook; Nathaniel Portlock also had sailed with Cook on his third Pacific voyage, which was the first to establish Western contact with the Hawaiian Islands; the King George: first arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on May 24, 1786; left June 13, 1786; returned November 16, 1786; spent the winter in the Hawaiian Islands, left March 3, 1787; arrived again September 27, 1787; and then left on October 7, 1787; the Queen Charlotte first arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on May 20, 1786; left June 13, 1786; returned on November 16, 1786; departed on March 15, 1787, arrived again on September 5, 1787; and then left on September 18, 1787; published A Voyage Round the World in 1788, including drawings and written descriptions of the Hawaiian Islands.
Doane—Captain of the brig Sarah Abigail on September 21, 1842 when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) carrying the Tenth Company of American missionaries; captain of the brig Globe when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on July 15, 1844 carrying the Eleventh Company of American missionaries.
Dobelle, Evan—University of Hawai‘i President; fired on June 15, 2004 by the University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents “for cause,” which the contract defined as corruption, mental illness, or criminal behavior; on July 29, 2004, after arbitration, the Regents rescinded their decision; Dobelle was given a resignation severance worth $3.2 million and absolved of any wrongdoing.
Doi, Nelson—Lieutenant Governor (Democrat) of Hawai‘i from 1974 to 1978.
Dole, Anna P. (Cate)—Married Sanford Ballard Dole (1844—1926) in 1873; passed away in 1921.
Dole, Belle (Dickey)—Married James Drummond Dole (1877—1958) in 1906, and they would have five children.
Dole, Daniel (1808—1878)—Born in Bloomfield, Maine; graduated from Bowdoin College (1836), and Bangor Theological Seminary (1839); ordained in 1840; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on the Gloucester on May 21, 1841 with the Ninth company of American missionaries along with his wife Emily Hoyt Ballard Dole; served at Kaua‘i’s Kōloa mission station (which was established in 1834); in 1841, helped establish Punahou School for missionary children and chiefs’ children along with his wife, Hiram Bingham (1789—1869), and Amos Starr Cooke (1810—1871); the school was originally known as Ka-puna-hou (“The new spring”) referring to an ancient legend; in 1843, the school was designated Punahou School and Oahu [O‘ahu] College, and then was granted a government charter in 1853; that same year, Dole resigned from his position as principal of the school and became pastor at Kōloa, Kaua‘i, serving there until he passed away in 1878; Dole’s children included George Hathaway Dole and Sanford Ballard Dole (1844—1926) with his first wife, Emily Hoyt Ballard Dole, who passed away in 1844; Daniel Dole later married Mrs. Charlotte Close Knapp, the widow of Horton O. Knapp.
Dole, Charlotte Close (Knapp)—Widow of Horton O. Knapp; married Daniel Dole (1808—1878).
Dole, Emily Hoyt Ballard—Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on the Gloucester on May 21, 1841 with the Ninth company of American missionaries along with her husband, Daniel Dole (1808—1878)
Dole, George Hathaway—Son of Daniel Dole (1808—1878) and Emily Hoyt Ballard Dole.
Dole, James Drummond (1877—1958)—Born in Boston, Massachusetts; related to Sanford Ballard Dole; graduated from Harvard University (1899); formed the Hawaiian Pineapple Company on December 4, 1901; the first harvest occurred in 1903 and 1,893 cases were canned; married Belle Dickey in 1906, and they would have five children; also in 1906, Dole and his Hawaiian Pineapple Company constructed a pineapple cannery on O‘ahu in the Iwilei district; at the time it was the largest fruit factory in the world; Dole served as the Hawaiian Pineapple Company’s manager and president (1903—1932); in 1933, began working in Washington D.C. for the Agriculture Adjustment Administration; sponsored a method of canning carrot juice in 1937, and for bottling and canning apple juice in 1940, and later pioneering a process to can milk; Dole remained as chairman of the board of Hawaiian Pineapple Company until 1948 when he retired; purchased 98% of the Hawaiian Island of Lāna‘i in 1922 for $1,100,000, developing Lāna‘i City (where workers lived) and a harbor; the Hawaiian Pineapple Grower’s Association, was founded in 1908 to help publicize and market the “luxury” fruit; Dole soon had 19,000 acres (7,700 ha) of pineapples planted on Lāna‘i, and was producing almost one-third of the world’s pineapple crop; president of Hawaiian Pineapple Company; Dole was known as the “Pineapple King” and the pineapple industry dominated the island of Lāna‘i for the next 65 years, producing as many as 250 million pineapples per year; Lāna‘i’s vast pineapple plantation was the largest pineapple plantation in the world; the island’s central population lived in Lāna‘i City, a company town situated at an elevation of about 1,700 feet (518 m) above sea level, and set beneath the hills of Lāna‘ihale; sponsored the Dole Air Derby, in which eight planes left Oakland, California on August 16, 1927, for the Hawaiian Islands; billed as the first trans-oceanic flight race, with entrants competing for the prizes of $25,000 and $10,000; this was the first race from the United States Mainland to the Hawaiian Islands; a total of ten lives were lost when two planes crashed on take-off, two planes encountered difficulties and had to turn back, and two planes disappeared over the Pacific Ocean; the winner of the trans-oceanic race was Art Goebel (with navigator William Davis) in the monoplane Woolaroc, with just 4 gallons (15 liters) of fuel to spare; taking second place was Martin Jensen (with navigator Paul Schluter) in the Aloha (see Aviation, Chapter 12) in 1985, 98% of Lāna‘i was purchased by businessman David H. Murdock, who closed the pineapple plantation; the 1990s saw a marked rise in tourism related activities, and Lāna‘i now has two luxury resorts, including the Mānele Bay Hotel on the beach, and the Lodge at Kō‘ele in the mountains; Lāna‘i City remains the town’s central population area, and early 1900s era homes (many brightly painted) still line the streets; at the center of Lāna‘i is the grassy lawn of six-block-long Dole Park; Hawaiian Church is at the corner of Gay and 5th Streets; very few of Lāna‘i’s residents live outside of Lāna‘i City (see The Pineapple Industry and Lāna‘i City, Chapter 12); today pineapple is no longer king on Lāna‘i; the last major commercial pineapple harvest on Lāna‘i took place in 1992, though some pineapple “show fields” still adorn the landscape; a tourist oriented economy has now replaced the industrious company town that was once awakened each morning by the plantation whistle.
Dole, Sanford—Wrote Synopsis of the Birds of the Hawaiian Islands in 1869.
Dole, Sanford Ballard (1844—1926)—Son of Daniel Dole (1808—1878) and Emily Hoyt Ballard Dole; born in Honolulu; attended Williams College in Massachusetts for one year; studied at the office of a lawyer in Washington D.C. for one year; worked in the courts of Suffolk County, Massachusetts beginning in 1867; later began a law practice in the Hawaiian Islands; married Anna P. Cate in 1873; elected to the Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1884; member of the Hawaiian League, a political organization of American merchants who considered King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] to be corrupt; when King Kalākaua’s government sold its opium monopoly to a Chinese interest, the American’s tried to restrict King Kalākaua’s power; holding a mass meeting, the League demanded that King Kalākaua dismiss his Cabinet and sign a new constitution; a radical faction of the League wanted to march to ‘Iolani Palace with guns, and annex the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, but Dole and the majority only wished to control King Kalākaua’s monarchical powers; ultimately, King Kalākaua signed a new constitution, which was later given the nickname “The Bayonet Constitution,” a term implying the document was signed at gunpoint; accounts vary on the actual threats that were wielded against the king to force him to attach his signature to the new constitution, but the effects of the new document include drastic changes that severely curtail the king’s power, ending 23 years of rule under the previous constitution of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); one result of the Bayonet Constitution was that a vote of the Legislature became necessary to replace Cabinet members; the constitution also allowed nobles to be elected by those who owned large amounts of land, and this significantly reduced the power of Asians and native Hawaiians; the constitution allowed the Legislature to override the king’s veto, and extended voting rights to all Europeans and Americans who would take an oath to support the new constitution; one view of these events attributes the new constitution to mercantile, commercial and industrial interests, including the Chamber of Commerce, sugar planters, and missionary store workers banding together with the aim of abrogating the monarchy, declaring the Hawaiian Islands a Republic, and annexing Hawai‘i to the United States; politically known as the “down-town” party, they sought to reduce the King Kalākaua’s sovereign power (see The Bayonet Constitution, Chapter 12); Sanford Ballard Dole wrote the first Hawaiian homestead law in 1884; in 1886, he was appointed as an associate justice on the Hawai‘i Supreme Court, serving in the position for six years; as one of the original revolutionaries, Dole was influential in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893; when the Committee of Public Safety met on January 17, 1893 at 8 p.m. to finalize the Provisional Government’s officers and Cabinet, Sanford Ballard Dole was asked to be president; that evening, about 100 armed men gathered around Ali‘iōlani Hale in support of the annexationists; guards were posted around Ali‘iōlani Hale, the new headquarters of the Provisional Government, and drills were held on King Street in front of ‘Iolani Palace; served as President of the Provisional Government (1893—1894); on March 9, 1893, when President Cleveland withdrew the annexation treaty from the Senate, he sent James H. Blount (1837-1903) to the Hawaiian Islands with a letter to Sanford Ballard Dole; the letter gave Blount “paramount authority” to lead an investigation into the revolution; Blount, a Congressman, and former Colonel in the American Civil War, was authorized to interview all involved parties and conduct an impartial finding of the facts; Cleveland denounced the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy as lawless because it was achieved under “false pretexts,” sent regrets about the “unauthorized intervention,” and ordered the queen’s power restored, but the Provisional Government refused; in June of 1893, Dole moved the government’s executive departments to ‘Iolani Palace, with the garrison occupying the adjacent ‘Iolani Barracks; the ‘Iolani Palace location was thought to be better defensively in the event of an attack; the Provisional Government also passed a resolution renaming ‘Iolani Palace as the “Executive Building,” and renaming Ali‘iōlani Hale as the “Court House” (though it was commonly called the Judiciary Building); Dole served as President of the Provisional Government (January 17, 1893—July 4, 1894); President of the Republic of Hawai‘i (July 4, 1894—June 14, 1900); and first Governor of Territory of Hawai‘i (Annexationist/Republican); appointed as governor by President McKinley in 1900; Dole’s term as governor ended on November 23, 1903); named United States District Judge, serving in that position until 1916, then retired from public service and opened a private practice; in 1911, publicly reconciled with Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]; served as president of the Hawai‘i Bar Association; in 1936, twelve years after Dole passed away, some of his writings were published in a book entitled Memoirs of the Hawaiian Revolution (Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing Co., 1936).
Dominis, John—Sea captain and merchant; husband of Mary Dominis; father of John Owen Dominis; father-in-law of Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]; wealthy New England trader; built Washington Place in Honolulu at 20 South Beretania Street; the home was completed in 1847 after five years of construction; [Washington Place is a two-story home built in the Colonial Greek Revival style; in 1846, John Dominis sailed for China where he intended to purchase elegant furnishing for Washington Place; unfortunately he never returned, apparently lost at sea; the residence was named Washington Place by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), who was impressed by the stories he had heard about George Washington from the American ambassador to the Hawaiian Islands, who rented a room in the home from Mrs. Dominis; the widow Dominis was often seen gardening on the grounds; the son of Mr. and Mrs. Dominis, John Owen Dominis, married Princess Lili‘uokalani in 1862, and they inherited Washington Place; Queen Lili‘uokalani lived in Washington Place for 55 years, including when she was heir to the throne, as well as after she was deposed; Queen Lili‘uokalani was confined to Washington Place after she was released from her imprisonment in ‘Iolani Palace on September 6, 1895; she remained confined to Washington Place until February 6, 1896, and was then island-restricted until October 6, 1896 (see Chapter 11, Timeline: 1895, Jan. 6.); the queen lived at Washington Place until she died in the home’s downstairs bedroom in 1917; in 1921, due to the political efforts of Prince Kūhiō [Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi], the Territory of Hawai’i purchased the stately Washington Place so it could be used as a governor’s mansion; twelve different governors of the State of Hawai‘i, and their families, have lived in Washington Place since 1922 (the last was the Cayetano family); renovations to Washington Place took place in 1922, 1929, and 1953; in 1973 the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places; the historic home still contains many of Queen Lili‘uokalani’s prized possessions, including fine furniture and Ni‘ihau shell lei; also on display are musical instruments belonging to the queen, including a grand piano made of koa wood; Washington Place is now a Museum with historical exhibits primarily dedicated to telling the story of Queen Lili‘uokalani; the museum, known as a historic interpretive center, includes displays of the Queen’s personal effects as well as important personal papers and historical documents; Washington Place also continues to be used as a public reception area; Washington Place was named a National Historic Landmark in 2007; [phone: 808-586-0157; open to the public on special occasions / www.firstlady.state.hi.us/washingtonplace.htm] (See Washington Place—The Governor’s Residence in O‘ahu section, Chapter 2.)
Dominis, John Owen (1832—1891)—Born in Schenectady, New York; son of sea captain John Dominis; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands around 1840; employed during the Gold Rush by G. B. Post & Co., San Francisco, and then by ship handlers R. Cody & Co. in Honolulu; married Princess Kamaka‘eha Dominis (the future Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]) in 1862, and they lived at the Dominis home (see Washington Place in O‘ahu section, Chapter 2); served as secretary and chamberlain for King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani); appointed by King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) as governor of O‘ahu when Mataio Kekūanaō‘a (1794—1868) passed away in 1868; served as O‘ahu’s governor until 1887; during the reign of King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua], Dominis was a lieutenant general, and the commissioner of crown lands; passed away in 1891 just seven months after his wife became queen.
Dominis, Mary—Wife of John Dominis; mother of John Owen Dominis; mother-in-law of Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]; Mary Dominis’ husband, John Dominis, disappeared at sea after sailing for China to purchase furnishings for their home, named Washington Place by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), who was impressed by the stories he had heard about George Washington from the American ambassador to the Hawaiian Islands who rented a room in the home from Mrs. Dominis; the widow Dominis was often seen gardening on the grounds.
Donaghho, John S.—Served as (acting) President of the College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] (1913—1914); [the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts was established in downtown Honolulu in 1907 (opening on September 15, 1908) as a result of a resolution introduced in the Legislature by Senator William Joseph Coelho; it was renamed College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1911, and renamed the University of Hawai‘i in 1920].
Dorr, Ebenezer—Captain of the Boston trading ship Otter, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on December 2, 1796; the ship’s first officer was Pierre Francois Perón (1769—1830); on January 1, 1797, the Otter left for China.
Douglas, David—Scottish botanist for whom the Douglas fir tree was named; in 1834 he was found dead on Hawai‘i Island in a hole dug into the ground as a trap for wild cattle.
Douglas, William—In 1788, arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on the Iphigenia with Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Keawe-Ka‘iana a ‘Ahu‘ula; Ka‘iana] (c.1756-1795), the half-brother of the high chief Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula had left the Hawaiian Islands on the Nootka with Captain John Meares, becoming the first Hawaiian chief to travel to a foreign country (Canton, China); Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula went to Canton in 1787; Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula later fought as an ally of King Kamehamaha I before being killed fighting against Kamehameha in the 1795 Battle of Nu‘uanu; Meares returned to the Hawaiian Islands again in 1788 in command of the Felice Adventurer.
Downes, John—Commodore in command of the United States Navy frigate Potomac when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on July 23, 1832.
Dowsett, James Isaac (1829—1898)—Son of Samuel James Dowsett (1794—1834); and Mary (Bishop) Dowsett; believed to be the first Anglo-Saxon child born in the Hawaiian Islands to non-missionaries; abandoned by father at age five; began working for Hudson’s Bay Company at about age twelve; childhood friend of Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani (the future King Kamehameha IV), Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha V), and William Charles Lunalilo (the future King Lunalilo); promoted the whaling industry in the Hawaiian Islands and eventually owned a fleet of whaling vessels that journeyed to the Arctic; also ran steamers and schooners between the Hawaiian Islands.
Dowsett, Samuel James (1794—1834)—Husband of Mary (Bishop) Dowsett; father of James Isaac Dowsett (1829—1898).
Dowsett, Elizabeth Jane—Daughter of Samuel James Dowsett (1794—1834); mother of James Melville Monsarrat (1854—1943).
Dowsett, Mary (Bishop)—Wife of Samuel James Dowsett (1794—1834); mother of James Isaac Dowsett (1829—1898).
Dudoit, Adele—Daughter of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Maude, Blanche, Charles, and Jules) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Anna (Corney)—Daughter of Peter Corney; at age 15 married Jules Dudoit (1803—1866). (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Blanche—Daughter of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Adele, Maude, Charles, and Jules) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Charles—Son of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Adele, Blanche, Maude, and Jules) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Jules (1803—1866)—Born in Port-Louis, Mauritius; left for America at age 13; returned to Mauritius in 1826 as captain of the ship Le Courrier de Tamatave; commanded the brig Clementine, sailing for Australia in 1832; the vessel was named for his deceased wife (she had passed away less than one year after they were married); engaged in Pacific trading for the next few years; came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1835; left and soon returned to Honolulu where he married 15-year-old Anna Corney; in 1837, chartered the Clementine to local businessmen; served as Hawai‘i’s French consul (1837—1848) (see Tromelin, Legoarant De), during which time there was a controversy regarding Catholic priests from France in Hawai‘i, as well as significant disagreements of about the importation of alcohol; in 1845, purchased a lease to a portion of Hanalei, extending from the eastern side of Hanalei Valley to Kalihiwai Valley; the land was previously leased by Englishman Richard Charlton, the British Consul for Hawai‘i, who had originally secured the 20-year lease from Kaua‘i’s Governor Kaikio‘ewa on August 27, 1831; on the land, Charlton had started one of the first cattle ranches in the Hawaiian Islands, and the first cattle ranch on Kaua‘i; by 1840, Charlton had about 100 head of cattle; Charlton’s fee for use of the land was lumber (560 boards) to be cut by Charlton and used by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) to build a house; though apparently the fee was never paid, Charlton retained use of the land until the lease was purchased by Captain Jules Dudoit in 1845; Dudoit moved to Hanalei with his family in 1848 after retiring from the consulship; he was succeeded at the post by Guillaume Patrice Dillon; from 1848 until the early 1850s, the Dudoits, including their five children (Maude, Adele, Blanche, Charles, and Jules), lived in the Kellett House on the bluff of Lanihuli overlooking Hanalei Bay; Dudoit exported butter and packed salt beef for whaling ships, and also shipped beef to Honolulu; behind the Kellett home was an area where cattle were slaughtered; Jules Dudoit owned the brigantine John Dunlap, which often made trips across the Ka‘ie‘iewaho Channel (Kaua‘i Channel) between Kaua‘i and O‘ahu and provided one of Hanalei’s few sources of supplies from Honolulu at the time, and in turn purchasing cattle and salt beef from Hanalei; Mrs. Dudoit was the daughter of renowned explorer Peter Corney, an employee of the Hudson Bay Company and author of The Early Voyages of Peter Corney; living with Mr. and Mrs. Dudoit in Hanalei was the wife of Peter Corney as well as three of the Corney children: Fanny, Emily, and Peter; Jules Dudoit had traveled to Hawai‘i on a ship with the Corneys, who were going on to meet their father, Peter Corney, in the Northwest; upon learning of their father’s death, the Corney family remained in the Hawaiian Islands where one of the daughters, Anna, married Jules Dudoit; purchased a Grant to the Namahana land in the Ko‘olau district from Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) for $603 and moved there with his family; in 1862, Dudoit sold his Kaua‘i property to Samuel Clark and moved to Honolulu; Jules Dudoit was murdered in 1866 while sleeping in bed; the crime was committed by Dudoit’s Chinese cook, apparently because the cook’s wages were docked due to broken crockery; Mrs. Dudoit narrowly escaped death in the incident, but then went on to live a long life, passing away in 1903. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Jules—Child of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Adele, Blanche, Charles, and Maude) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Dudoit, Maude—Daughter of Jules Dudoit (1803—1866); in 1848, moved with her father and four siblings (Adele, Blanche, Charles, and Jules) to Hanalei, Kaua‘i. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Duncan, Charles—In command of the British trading ship Princess Royal, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on January 2, 1788 along with The Prince of Wales, under the command of James Colnett (c.1755—1806); both ships remained in Hawaiian waters until March 18, 1788; in 1789, the Prince of Wales and the Argonaut were captured by the Spanish; when the Argonaut was returned to Colnett, he came to the Hawaiian Islands in April of 1791; also in the Hawaiian Islands at this time was the Princess Royal, a vessel formerly captained by Colnett and captured by the Spanish in 1879; flying Spanish colors, the Princess Royal was under the command of Manuel Quimper; Colnett (on the Argonaut) and Quimper (on the Princess Royal) met off the coast of Hawai‘i Island; seeing the Princess Royal under Spanish colors, and thinking the Spanish were attempting to take control of the Hawaiian Islands, Colnett came very close to firing a broadside at the ship, which he formerly captained; these events later became known as the “Nootka Sound controversy.”
Dwight, Samuel G.—American Protestant missionary; served at Moloka‘i’s Kalua‘aha mission station (which was established in 1832).
Eames, Alfred W.—Cultivated and sold fresh pineapple in 1898; his company later became Del Monte Fresh Produce Inc. (See The Pineapple Industry, Chapter 12.)
Earhart, Amelia—Completed the first solo flight from the Hawaiian Islands (Wheeler Field, O‘ahu) to the United States Mainland (Oakland, California) on January 11, 12, 1935; Earhart’s plane was a single-engine Lockheed Vega monoplane; less than three years earlier, Earhart had become the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, completing the flight on May 20-21, 1932; on May 20, 1937, Earhart began her second attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world, taking off from Oakland, California; she disappeared on July 2, 1937 after taking off with navigator Fred Noonan from Lae, New Guinea on the way to Howland Island, an atoll 2,556 miles (4,113 km) southwest of the Hawaiian Islands; this was the second leg of an attempted 27,000-mile (43,452-km) trip around the world, which ended 7,000 miles (11,265 km) short of her goal. (See Aviation, Chapter 12.)
Easterbrook—In command of the Gloucester when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on May 21, 1841 carrying the Ninth Company of American missionaries. The difficult 188-day voyage through inclement weather included a stop in Brazil for repairs and another stop in Chile).
Edwards, Webley—Produced and directed the Hawaii Calls radio show, which began on July 3, 1935; the show was broadcast from beachside at Waikīkī’s Royal Hawaiian Hotel and later the Moana Hotel (now the Sheraton Moana Surfrider); Hawaii Calls featured top Hawaiian music, including live performances by many top Hawaiian artists; the show was broadcast on hundreds of radio stations all around the world and ran until 1975, making it the longest running radio program ever. (See Communication, Chapter 12.)
Eisenhower, Dwight D.—United States president on February 20, 1953, when he signed an executive order placing Kaho‘olawe under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Navy (see Kaho‘olawe, Chapter 2); approved the creation of the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial in 1958 [the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial in Pearl Harbor honors those who died in the Dec. 7, 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, an event that entered the United States into World War II; the Memorial is an open structure that is 184 feet (56 m) long, and positioned directly over the wreck of the U.S.S. Arizona where 1,177 died and 900 remain entombed; the architect of the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial was an Austrian named Alfred Preis who fled the Nazis in 1939 and later moved to the Hawaiian Islands; an Elvis Presley benefit concert at Honolulu’s Bloch Arena on March 25, 1961 raised about $64,000 toward the $500,000 cost of the shrine; the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial was officially dedicated on Memorial Day, May 31, 1962; designated as a National Historical Landmark in 1989, the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial is now one of the most visited attractions in the Hawaiian Islands; about 1.5 million people tour the Memorial each year]; after the United States Senate passed a Hawai‘i statehood measure on March 11, 1959, followed by the U.S. House of Representatives on March 12, 1959, United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Act into law on March 18, 1959, though it required a plebiscite of Hawaiian residents for approval; this occurred on June 27, 1959 when residents of the Hawaiian Islands voted in favor of statehood, and the plebiscite passed 17 to 1, with only Ni‘ihau opposing it; the first general election was held on July 28, 1959 and William Francis Quinn (1919—2006) was elected governor of the State of Hawai‘i; Oren Ethelbert Long (1889—1965) and Hiram L. Fong [Yau Leong (Hiram) Fong] (1906—2004) were elected to be Hawai‘i’s first senators; Daniel K. Inouye (1904—) was elected to the United States House of Representatives, becoming the first American congressman of Japanese descent to serve in the House of Representatives; on August 21, 1959, President Eisenhower signed the Statehood Proclamation and Hawai‘i was officially admitted as the 50th state; the State of Hawai‘i’s population at this time was about 622,000 people, with more than 240,000 annual visitors; on July 4, 1960, a 50th star was added to the flag of the United States, and Hawai‘i’s state flag was formally accepted; as a result of statehood, 1.8 million acres (.73 million ha) of ceded lands were transferred to the State of Hawai‘i by the United States government to be held in trust for five purposes: public education; public use; public improvements; farm and home ownership; and the betterment of Native Hawaiians. (See Statehood, Chapter 12.)
Ellis, William (1794—1872)—Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on March 29, 1822 with a delegation of the London Missionary Society that came on two ships, the colonial cutter Mermaid (a British sloop), and the Prince Regent, a 70-ton (64-mton) schooner built in New South Wales for King Kamehameha I based on an earlier agreement with George Vancouver; Ellis had been living in Huahine, Tahiti; studied and was knowledgeable in the Tahitian language, having spent years as a missionary in the South Pacific; Ellis was able to learn Hawaiian quickly; spent four months on O‘ahu and was able to communicate well with native Hawaiians in their own language; took many notes, providing one of the most complete records of early Hawaiian life, including extensive descriptions of Hawaiian history and culture; was the first person in the Hawaiian Islands to preach a sermon in the Hawaiian language; visited the Hawaiian Islands again in 1823; was instrumental in assisting missionary Elisha Loomis (1799—1836) with his printing press; in June of 1823; visited Kīlauea Volcano along with Reverend Artemas Bishop (1795—1872), who came to the Hawaiian Islands in 1822 with the Second Company of American missionaries, and Reverend Asa Thurston (1787—1868), one of the leaders of the First Company of American missionaries; the men were searching for a suitable site to set up a mission station; one of the first foreigners to visit the summit of Kīlauea Volcano; on September 16, 1823, administered the sacrament of baptism to the Queen Keōpūolani [Keōpūolanikauhiakama; Kalanikauika‘alaneokeōpūolani] (1778-1823), the sacred wife of King Kamehameha I and the mother of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho) and King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); the queen became the first native Hawaiian to receive the Protestant rite of baptism, and it was administered by the ordained American missionary William Ellis just an hour before the queen’s death; published Hawaiian Tour in 1826; published Polynesian Researches, during a Residence of Nearly Six Years in the South Sea Islands in 1830; published Polynesian Researches, during a Residence of Nearly Six Years in the South Sea Islands in 1830.
Ellman, Mark—One of twelve Island chefs who founded Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Inc. in August of 1991 on Maui; the twelve chefs who formed the association developed a world-class cuisine centering around fresh local fish and high-quality, locally-grown vegetables and herbs as well as exotic Island fruits, and utilizing a blend of hybrid cooking styles and culinary techniques from both the Eastern and Western traditions; Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine has now won numerous major international culinary awards; the twelve chefs that conceptualized Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine are Sam Choy, Mark Ellman, Roger Dikon, Beverly Gannon, Jean-Marie Josselin, Amy Ferguson Ota, George Mavrothalassitis, Philippe Padovani, Peter Merriman, Gary Strehl, Roy Yamaguchi, and Alan Wong. (See Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Chapter 12.)
Ely, James—American Protestant missionary; served on Hawai‘i Island at the Kailua mission station (which was established in 1820), and at the Ka‘awaloa mission station (which was established in 1824).
Emerson, John S. (1800—1867)—Born in Chester, New Hampshire; graduated from Dartmouth College (1826), and Andover Theological Seminary (1830); married Ursula Sophia Newell in October of 1831; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on May 17, 1832 on the whale ship Averick under Captain Swain with the Fifth Company of American missionaries; the couple served at the missionary station they opened in Waialua, O‘ahu (1832—1842); worked at Lahainaluna School (1842—1846), which was founded in 1831 by American Protestant missionaries as a seminary of advanced education for young Hawaiian men, with an overarching missionary goal of advancing Christianity; translated books and promoted the reading of the Hawaiian-language Bible; returned to serve at the Waialua mission station in 1847, and in served until 1864; John and Ursula Emerson had eight children, including Nathaniel Bright Emerson; John S. Emerson edited in 1845, with Artemas Bishop (1795-1872), the first English-Hawaiian Dictionary, He Hoakakaolelo no na Hualelo Beritania (A Dictionary of English Words).
Emerson, Nathaniel Bright (1839—1915)—Born in Waialua, O‘ahu to Reverend John S. Emerson (1800—1867); attended Punahou School on O‘ahu; served in the American Civil War, fighting for the Union Army; graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts before attending Harvard University where he studied medicine, and then earned an M.D. degree from New York’s College of Physicians and Surgeons (1869); returned to the Hawaiian Islands in 1878 and served as general inspector of lepers and leper stations; in 1881, married Dr. Sarah E. Pierce; served as president of the Board of Health (succeeding Dr. George P. Trousseau; published several translations of Hawaiian literature, including Unwritten Literature of Hawaii: The Sacred Songs of the Hula (Washington D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1909), and the legend Pele and Hiiaka (Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 1915).
Emerson, Oliver P.—American Protestant missionary; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820).
Emerson, Sara E. (Pierce) (Dr.)—Wife of Nathaniel Bright Emerson (1839—1915).
Emmons, Delos C. (1889—1965)—Graduated from West Point (1909); became a pilot in the Army Air Corps in 1917; on December 17, 1941, named Commander of the Hawaiian Department of the United States Army, replacing Walter Campbell Short (1880—1949); this occurred during a time when the Hawaiian Islands were under Martial Law (military rule) in the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor; became Western Defense Commander in 1943; supportive of Americans of Japanese ancestry in the Hawaiian Islands, organizing them in battalions and, in 1943 when he became Western Defense Commander, authorizing their release from West Coast relocation centers; later served as head of Alaska Command; served as commandant of Virginia’s Armed Forces Staff College; awarded Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross, and the Legion of Honor. (See Pearl Harbor, Chapter 12.)
Emory & Webb—Architects of the Blaisdell Hotel, which was built at 1154 Fort Street Mall in Honolulu in 1912; today the building is used for offices and retains its central courtyard and birdcage elevator; designers and architects of the New Hawaii Theatre, which was commissioned by Consolidated Amusements Company and cost ½-million dollars, opening at 1130 Bethel Street in Honolulu on September 6, 1922; built in the Classical Revival/Art Deco style and designed for live performances as well as for showing the new entertainment medium of movies; the building cost $500,000 and became one of the United States’ most modern theaters, featuring a double-cantilever balcony, Corinthian and Byzantine ornamentation, and Moorish grillwork; the building’s style is Neoclassical, also said to be Classical Revival, Art Deco, and Beaux Arts; renovated in the 1970s and 1980s, the New Hawai‘i Theatre recently received yet another renovation, costing $33 million, including the installation of a large, neon marquee; the theater holds 1,726 people, and features wicker chairs and air conditioning; the building was placed on the National and Hawai‘i Registers of Historic Places in 1978, and is now used as a cultural and performing arts center; tours of the building are given on the first Tuesday of each month [call 808-528-5535 for information]; architects of the Honolulu Advertiser Building (commonly called the “News Building”), which opened in 1929 at 605 Kapi‘olani Boulevard; the building’s style is Beaux Arts/Renaissance Revival, featuring a grand entrance with a quarried-tile staircase and enameled balusters that once graced an open gallery with a wood parquet floor; the Honolulu Advertiser Building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1929 and received a major addition in 1956.
English, Myra—Renowned falsetto singer.
Erdman, Marion (Dillingham)—Daughter of Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918) and Emma Louise (Smith) Dillingham; sister of Walter Francis Dillingham (1875—1963); Harold Garfield Dillingham, and Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear (1870—1957).
Farrington, Catherine McAlpine (Crane)—Wife of Wallace Rider Farrington (1871—1933) (married in 1896); they had three children, including Joseph Rider Farrington (1897—1954) (the oldest).
Farrington, Mary Elizabeth (Betty) Pruett (1898—1984)—Wife of Joseph Rider Farrington, who was Territorial Delegate to Congress (Republican) from 1943 until he passed away in June of 1954; she completed her husband’s unexpired term, and was later elected for one term, serving as a Territorial Delegate to Congress until 1957.
Farrington, Joseph Rider (1897—1954)—Born in Washington D.C., oldest son of Wallace Rider Farrington; graduated from Punahou School (1915) and the University of Wisconsin (1919); married Mary Elizabeth (Pruett) Farrington in 1920; worked as a newspaper reporter in Philadelphia and Washington D.C.; became managing editor of the Star Bulletin in 1924; later becoming director (1926) and vice president (1929); when his father died in 1933 he became the paper’s president and general manager; elected to the Territorial Senate in 1934; re-elected in 1938; Territorial Delegate to Congress (Republican) from 1943 until he passed away in June of 1954; the unexpired term was completed by his wife, Mary Elizabeth (Betty) Pruett Farrington.
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Farrington, Wallace Rider (1871—1933)—Born in Orono, Maine; graduated from the University of Maine in 1891; worked as a reporter for the Bangor Daily News beginning in 1891; married Catherine McAlpine Crane in 1896 and they would have three children including Joseph Rider Farrington (1897—1954) (the oldest); worked in the Hawaiian Islands as the managing editor of the daily Pacific Commercial Advertiser and then as the managing editor of the Bulletin (the evening paper), which merged with the Star in 1913 when Farrington became the vice president and general manager; appointed Governor of Territory of Hawai‘i by United States President Warren G. Harding in 1921 (first term, ending July 5, 1925) and Calvin Coolidge in 1925 (second term, ending July 5, 1929); in 1929, became publisher of Star-Bulletin.
Fasi, Frank—Elected as Mayor of the City and County of Honolulu in 1968, serving from January 2, 1969 to January 2, 1982, and from 1985—1994.
Father Damien—See DeVeuster, Joseph Damien.
Fern, James—Husband of Kaipo Fern, and they were the parents of Joseph James Fern (1872—1920).
Fern, Joseph James (1872—1920)—Born at Kohala on Hawai‘i Island to James and Kaipo Fern; at age 19, drove a mule cart in Honolulu on the street railway; later worked for Wilder Steamship Company, and when the company joined with Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company, he kept his job as the agent for labor relations; later named shipping master; stevedore boss; Fern’s three marriages resulted in numerous children; elected as the first mayor (Democrat) of the newly established City and County of Honolulu in 1908, winning by seven votes; received strong support from native Hawaiians; Fern was re-elected in 1910, 1912, 1917, and 1919; passed away in 1920.
Fern, Kaipo—Wife of James Fern, and they were the parents of Joseph James Fern (1872—1920).
Finch, William—In command of the United States Navy corvette Vincennes when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on October 2, 1828; the Vincennes was the first United States naval vessel to tour the globe.
Folger, Elisha—Captain of the Equator, a New England whaling ship out of Newburyport, Massachusetts; on September 29, 1819, the Equator was one of the first two whaling ships to come to the Hawaiian Islands (the other was the Balena under the command of Edmund Gardner); in the fall of 1819, while anchored in Kealakekua Bay, the Balena harpooned a large sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus; Hawaiian name: palaoa) that yielded more than 100 barrels of oil; by this date, commercial whaling had already begun to diminish whale populations worldwide, and the whales of the Atlantic were already documented as being overhunted. (See The Whaling Era, Chapter 12.)
Fonda, Henry—Starred in Mister Roberts, filmed in the Hawaiian Islands in 1955; the film was an adaptation of his Broadway hit; Fonda played Lieutenant Doug Roberts, the chief cargo officer of the supply ship Reluctant during the last few months of World War II; Jack Lemmon played Roberts’ friend, Ensign Frank Pulver, while James Cagney was the Reluctant’s surly captain.
Fong, Yau Leong (Hiram) (1906—2004)—Born on Oct. 15, 1906 to immigrants from Kwangtang Province in China; the seventh of eleven children; birth name was Yau Leong Fong; as a youth in Kalihi, O‘ahu, he shined shoes, delivered poi, and caught and sold fish; graduated from McKinley High School in 1924, the University of Hawai‘i in 1930, and Harvard Law School in 1935; worked as a Honolulu deputy attorney; beginning in 1938; served 14 years in the legislature of the Territory of Hawai‘i including four years as vice speaker (1944-1948) and six years as speaker (1948-1954); after serving in World War II, founded a law firm, and then became a founding member of Finance Factors Ltd. in 1952; elected to the United States Senate on July 28, 1959; became the first elected Asian-American United States Senator; re-elected in 1964 and 1970; known as a champion of civil rights and workers’ rights; instrumental in the passage of a measure favoring agricultural workers in 1945; co-authored the Immigration Reform Act of 1965; retired in 1977 and concentrated on his many business interests, including the well-maintained 725-acre (293-ha) Senator Fong’s Plantation Gardens, which offers narrated 45-minute long tram rides through five separate valleys with more than 100 varieties of nut and fruit trees [Senator Fong’s Plantation Gardens, 808-239-6775, 47-285 Pūlama Road, open 10-4 daily. Directions: 1 mile off Kahekili Highway (Hwy. 83)]; passed away on August 18, 2004 at the age of 97.
Forbes, Anderson O.—American Protestant missionary; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820); served at Maui’s Lahainaluna School, which was founded in 1831 by missionaries as a seminary of advanced education for young Hawaiian men, with an overarching missionary goal of advancing Christianity; served at Moloka‘i’s Kalua‘aha mission station (which was established in 1832).
Forbes, Cochran—American Protestant missionary; served at Maui’s Lahaina mission station (which was established in 1823); served on Hawai‘i Island at the Ka‘awaloa mission station (which was established in 1824).
Fornander, Abraham (1812—1887)—Born in Sweden; spent time in Sweden as a university student in Sweden in a rectory studying for the ministry; in 1844, deserted a whaling ship and began living in the Hawaiian Islands, first as a coffee planter, and then as a surveyor; later worked as a newspaper and magazine editor, and then served as the first inspector of schools; member of the King’s Privy Council under King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani); became a Circuit Judge in 1864; had a significant influence on the transcribing of early Hawaiian history; conducted extensive interviews with Zephyrin Kepelino (c.1830—1876) and Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (1815—1876); with the help of native assistants, arranged interviews with many native Hawaiians; collectively, this information became the basis of Fornander’s An Account of the Polynesian Race (London: Trübner, 1878—1855); awarded Linean Medal by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; after his death, Fornander’s Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folklore was published by Thomas G. Thrum; Volume II of An Account of the Polynesian Race was republished as Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I (Mutual Press: 1996).
Fortescue, Grace Hubbard Bell [Mrs. Grace Granville Fortescue]—Mother of Thalia Massie (c.1910—1963); niece of renowned inventor Alexander Graham Bell; indicted for second degree murder of Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was awaiting a retrial for the criminal assault of Thalia Massie, the 20-year-old wife of United States Navy lieutenant Thomas H. Massie; the events of the Massie case began after Thomas and Thalia Massie attended a party on September 12, 1931 at Honolulu’s Ala Wai Inn (a Honolulu nightclub formerly on the site of the present location of the Hawai‘i Convention Center); Thalia Massie was later found beaten and assaulted with her jaw broken in two places; Thalia Massie told authorities that she had been forced into a car and taken to Ala Moana Park where she was raped; five plantation workers who allegedly raped Thalia Massie (a Caucasian) were detained that night and taken to her hospital room, where she apparently identified the driver of the car, though later evidence claimed she only identified the attackers as “Hawaiian”; a medical report did not show any evidence of rape; further, there were rumors that Thalia’s husband had discovered her with another man, and had himself beaten her; the detained men, who were charged with criminal assault, were: Joseph Kahāhāwai [Kehahawai] (Joe Kalani) (Hawaiian); Shomatsu (Horace) Ida (Japanese); Henry Chang (Chinese-Hawaiian); Ben Ahakuelo, Hawaiian; and David Takai (Japanese-Hawaiian); the defendants were represented by Heen, William Haehae Heen (1883—1973); despite evidence pointing to the innocence of the detained men, they were assumed guilty by the national press, which ran stories about the brute locals preying on white women; the accused men were later set free due to lack of evidence, with a deadlocked jury that had taken 97 ballots in more than 100 hours of deliberation, on December 6, 1931, it was determined that the jury was deadlocked and could not agree on a conviction, and a mistrial was declared; the release of the accused men fueled racial tensions and violence in Honolulu, including animosity between the military and local residents; the story garnered national attention; while a retrial was still pending, Shomatsu (Horace) Ida was kidnapped and beaten on December 12, 1931; on January 8, 1932, one of the defendants, 20-year-old Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was said to have been the leader of the “School Street gang,” was kidnapped by Thalia Massie’s husband and mother and two Navy men; Kahāhāwai taken to a home in MānoaValley that had been rented by Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue (Thalia’s mother), and there Kahāhāwai was shot and killed; they placed the slain Kahāhāwai’s body in the trunk of their car and drove toward the rocky coastline near Koko Crater where they planned to dump the body; during the drive they were stopped by police and Kahāhāwai’s body was discovered in the back of the car; all four—Lieutenent Thomas H. Massie (husband of Thalia Massie), Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue, E. J. Lord, and Albert O. Jones—were indicted for second degree murder; Thomas H. Massie took responsibility for shooting Kahāhāwai, but his lawyer, the renowned Clarence Darrow, told the court his client was temporarily insane; the four were convicted on April 30, 1932 of manslaughter (with a recommendation of leniency) after 49 hours of deliberation by a jury under Judge Charles S. Davis, and they were sentenced to ten years hard labor at Oahu [O‘ahu] Prison; Governor Lawrence Judd (1877—1968) immediately commuted the sentence to one hour, to be served in his office; the attack on Thalia Massie, as well as the subsequent vigilante action and controversial court decisions contributed to racial tensions in the Islands for years to come; Thalia Massie later lived in Florida where she committed suicide in 1963.
Foster, Mary E. (Robinson) (1844—1930)—Daughter of James and Rebecca Robinson (James Robinson was a pioneer shipbuilder); wife of Thomas R. Foster, an initial organizer of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company; in 1890, with her husband, purchased the Honolulu property of German botanist Dr. William Hillebrand (1821—1886), a Prussian doctor who arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1851 and became a royal physician working at Queen’s Hospital; Hillebrand was also a member of the Privy Council of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), and a famous botanist whose 1888 book became the most thorough source regarding Hawaiian flora; Hillebrand experimented with various plants, animals, and birds, including many non-native species; Hillebrand bought the property in 1855 from Queen Kalama [Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili Kalama [Kamālama]], the wife of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); in 1930, Mary E. Foster willed (bequeathed) the 6 acres (2.4 ha) at Nu‘uanu Avenue and Vineyard Boulevard in downtown Honolulu (including the garden originally planted by William Hillebrand, for a city park and botanical garden (now called Foster Botanical Gardens); it was joined with a neighboring property that had been donated for park use by Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani], who had a cottage there when she was a princess, having earlier purchased the property from Queen Kalama; this northern section of the property is now known as Lili‘uokalani Garden.
Foster, Thomas R.—Ship owner; husband of Mary E. (Robinson) Foster; one of the initial organizers of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Company; with his wife, purchased the Honolulu property of German botanist Dr. William Hillebrand (1821—1886), a Prussian doctor who arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1851 and became a royal physician working at Queen’s Hospital; Hillebrand was also a member of the Privy Council of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), and a famous botanist whose 1888 book became the best source regarding Hawaiian flora; Hillebrand experimented with various plants, animals, and birds, including many non-native species; Hillebrand bought the property in 1855 from Queen Kalama [Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili Kalama [Kamālama]], the wife of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); in 1930, Mary E. Foster willed (bequeathed) the 6 acres (2.4 ha) at Nu‘uanu Avenue and Vineyard Boulevard in downtown Honolulu (including the garden originally planted by William Hillebrand, for a city park and botanical garden (now called Foster Botanical Gardens); it was joined with a neighboring property that had been donated for park use by Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani], who had a cottage there when she was a princess, having earlier purchased the property from Queen Kalama; this northern section of the property is now known as Lili‘uokalani Garden; the T. R. Foster Building was constructed in 1891 at 902 Nu‘uanu Avenue in Honolulu’s Chinatown district; the building is known for its cast iron ornamentation; it now houses O‘Tooles Pub.
Franklin, Jane (Lady)—Brought to Hawaiian Islands by Robert Crichton Wyllie in 1861, along with her companion, Lady Franklin’s niece, Miss Sophia Craycroft; widow of renowned explorer Sir John Franklin; when Lady Jane Franklin came to the Hawaiian Islands in May of 1861, she was researching a book about the Franklin expedition to the North Pole; she had sailed to California and stopped in Honolulu on her way first to China and then back home to England; the 69-year-old, gray-haired Lady Franklin had just sailed to Alaska searching for information about her husband, who had been lost in the Arctic more than a decade earlier during his fourth expedition there; [throughout the 1850s several ships had been sent to find out what happened to John Franklin; then in 1859 some records and remnants of his expedition were finally found and it was discovered that he had died about twelve years earlier]; Wyllie and his two guests sailed into Hanalei Bay after first visiting O‘ahu and then the volcanoes of Hawai‘i Island; known as an aristocratic lady who believed English aristocracy and manners were superior; Wyllie apparently intended to make Lady Franklin Hawai‘i’s first baroness, establishing ties to the monarchies of Europe; Lady Jane Franklin loved to hike each day to the top of the hill behind Kikiula and enjoy the expansive view of the mountains and sea, which perhaps made her think of her husband who disappeared during his ocean journey; her daily hike to the top of the hill near Kikiula was likely one of the reasons Wyllie decided to give her that piece of land overlooking the bay, called Crow’s Nest, where she had previously proposed that a high-church Episcopal chapel be built to complement Wyllie’s estate; Wyllie also apparently believed that Lady Franklin would someday build a castle there; Bishop Willis determined that the site was not suitable for a church location as it would be too inconvenient for parishioners to climb the hill to attend services; the Bishop’s request for an exchange for land at a better location was approved, but then it was discovered that Lady Franklin actually had no claim to the land since no conveyance had ever been documented, and so the site remained a part of the Princeville Plantation; Wyllie was clear in his intentions that Lady Franklin return to Hanalei, but it was not to happen; Lady Jane Franklin and Miss Sophia Craycroft were visited at their home in London, England in 1865 by Queen Emma [Emma Na‘ea Rooke; Kalanikaumakeamano; Kaleleonālani] (1836—1885), the wife of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani); an account of this London visit is given in a book edited by Alfons L. Korn entitled: The Victorian Visitors: An Account of the Hawaiian Kingdom, 1861-1866 (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1958). (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Franklin, John (Sir)—Wife of Lady Jane Franklin; renowned explorer; lost in the Arctic during his fourth expedition there; throughout the 1850s several ships had been sent to find out what happened to John Franklin; then in 1859 some records and remnants of his expedition were finally found and it was discovered that he had died about twelve years earlier. (See Hanalei History in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Frear, Margaret—Daughter of Walter Francis Frear (1863—1948) and Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear.
Frear, Mary Emma (Dillingham) (1870—1957)—Born in Honolulu; eldest daughter of Benjamin Franklin Dillingham (1844—1918) and Emma Louise (Smith) Dillingham; graduated from O‘ahu’s Punahou School (1888) and Wellesley College (1893); married Walter Francis Frear (1863—1948) in 1893; served on University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents (1920—1942); granddaughter of Lowell and Abigail Smith; Frear Hall on the campus of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa was named in her honor
Frear, Virginia—Daughter of Walter Francis Frear (1863—1948) and Mary Emma (Dillingham) Frear.
Frear, Walter Francis (1863—1948)—Born in Grass Valley, California; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands at age seven with his parents; his father was a descendant of French Huguenots and his mother a descendant of the Pilgrims; graduated from Punahou School (1881), Yale University (1885), and Yale Law School (1890); practiced law for two years in partnership with Lorrin Andrews Thurston (1858—1931); in January of 1893 (just before the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy), Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani] appointed Frear second judge of the First Circuit Court; in March of 1893 (after the overthrow) the Provisional Government appointed Frear as Second Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; became First Associate Justice of the Supreme Court in 1896, during the Republic; in 1900, appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawai‘i (1900—1907); appointed Governor of Territory of Hawai‘i by United States President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907, serving until November 29, 1913; became president of Bishop Trust Company in 1924 and was that company’s chairman of the board in 1934 when he retired; published various legal studies and other writings, including Mark Twain in Hawaii (Chicago: privately printed, 1947); married Mary Emma Dillingham and they would have two daughters, Margaret and Virginia.
Freycinet, Louis Claude Desaulces De (1779—1842)—French Navy captain; sent to explore Australian waters by Napoleon in 1800; in command of the French corvette L’Uranie when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on August 8, 1819, becoming one of the first French vessels to reach the Hawaiian Islands (O‘ahu and Maui); accompanied on this expedition by his wife, Rose de Freycinet; the draftsman on board the L’Uranie was Jacques Arago (1790—1855), who wrote an account of the visit including numerous illustrations depicting Hawaiian life at the time; various Hawaiian fish were collected by two of the ship’s officers, Quoy and Gaimard; the endemic Hawaiian fish hīnālea lauwili (Thalassoma duperrey, saddle wrasse) is one of the most common reef fish in Hawaiian waters, and the scientific name of the fish, Thalassoma duperrey, honors a midshipman on the L’Uranie; the Clermontia plant genus is named after M. le Marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre, the Minister of the French Navy during the Freycinet Expedition.
Freycinet, Rose—Wife of French Navy captain Louis Claude Desaulces De Freycinet (1779—1842) who was sent to explore Australian waters by Napoleon in 1800 and in command of the French corvette L’Uranie when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on August 8, 1819, becoming one of the first French vessels to reach the Hawaiian Islands (O‘ahu and Maui); Rose accompanied her husband on this expedition.
Fuchino, Hego—Designer and architect of Izumo Taishakyo Mission of Hawai‘i, which was constructed at 215 North Kukui Street in Honolulu’s Chinatown district in 1923; the structure was built without the use of nails by a master shrine carpenter from Japan.
Fukunaga, Myles Yutaka—On September 18, 1928, at age 19, abducted and killed Gill Jamieson, the 10-year-old son of Caucasian businessman Frederick Jamieson, vice president of the Hawaiian Trust Company; Fukunaga received $4,000 in ransom from Frederick Jamieson; racial tensions rose as the Japanese community was targeted during a search for the boy, who was tricked into leaving Punahou School when Fukunaga told school administrators that Gill’s mother was in a car accident; after leaving Punahou School, Fukunaga took Gill Jamieson in a cab to Waikīkī’s Seaside Hotel, where Fukunaga worked; behind the hotel, Fukunaga attacked the boy with a steel chisel and then choked him to death; Gill Jamieson’s body was found the following day; a ticket agent for Oahu [O‘ahu] Transit who knew Fukunaga discovered that a serial number on a bill used by Fukunaga that matched the ransom money, and alerted the police; five days after the murder, Fukunaga was caught when his sister took authorities to him outside a church; Myles Yutaka Fukunaga admitted his guilt, stating that he sought revenge against Hawaiian Trust for demanding rent from his parents and threatening his parents with eviction; Myles wanted the $10,000 to help his parents and redeem his honor after shaming them with a failed suicide attempt; National Guardsmen with bayonets were needed to control a crowd of about 20,000 people gathered around the police station when Fukunaga was brought in; two weeks later Fukunaga was tried (with no defense witnesses called) and convicted; Fukunaga was hanged on November 19, 1929.
Fuller, Elizabeth—Hawaiian girl who died while touring with performers in India; named for her was Elizabeth Fuller Memorial Hall, the entrance structure of the YWCA Building at 1040 Richards Street in downtown Honolulu; the Memorial Hall includes a stage and a auditorium; the YWCA Building opened in 1927 and was built in the Mediterranean style; the building consists of two structures linked by a two-story loggia, and includes an outdoor court area and 61-foot (18.6-m) swimming pool; the architect of the YWCA Building was Julia Morgan, who also designed Hearst’s San Simeon in California; the YWCA Building was the first major structure in the Hawaiian Islands designed completely by women (Morgan and landscape architect Catherine Jones Richards); the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Fuller, Lemuel—American Protestant missionary; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820); prominent early missionary printer at the Hale Pa‘i (Printing Office), which was constructed of coral blocks in 1823 in Honolulu; [missionary Elisha Loomis (1799—1836) used a second hand iron and mahogany Ramage press brought on the Thaddeus to complete the first printing in the North Pacific region at the grass-thatched Hale Pule (Christian Meeting House) on January 7, 1822]; the Hale Pa‘i (Printing Office) became the home of the Mission Press, which eventually printed millions of pages in the Hawaiian language; language teachers and translators utilized the lead-type press and were helped by nā kānaka pa‘i (native Hawaiian assistants); the first book published in the Islands came off the press in 1823, and was entitled Na Himeni Hawaii (Hymns of Hawai‘i); the Hale Pa‘i (Printing Office) was considered the birthplace of the written Hawaiian language, producing books, broadsides, hīmeni (hymns), newspapers, rules, primers, and the first translation of the Bible into the Hawaiian language; [today the complex of missionary buildings is known as the Mission Houses Museum, also called Nā Hale Hō‘ike‘ike O Nā Mikanele (“Exhibition House of the Missionaries”); the Mission Houses Museum is located at 553 S. King Street, Honolulu (across from Kawaiaha‘o Church); phone: 808-531-0481; open 9 to 4, Tuesday-Saturday; www.lava.net/ormhm/main.htm]. (See The Mission Houses, Chapter 12.)
Gaimard—Officer on the French corvette L’Uranie when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) under the command of Louis Claude Desaulces de Freycinet (1779—1842) on August 8, 1819, becoming one of the first French vessels to reach the Hawaiian Islands (O‘ahu and Maui); various Hawaiian fish were collected by Gaimard as well as another of the ship’s officers (Quoy); the endemic Hawaiian fish hīnālea lauwili (Thalassoma duperrey, saddle wrasse) is one of the most common reef fish in Hawaiian waters, and the scientific name of the fish, Thalassoma duperrey, honors a midshipman on the L’Uranie.
Gannon, Beverly—One of twelve Island chefs who founded Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Inc. in August of 1991 on Maui; the twelve chefs who formed the association developed a world-class cuisine centering around fresh local fish and high-quality, locally-grown vegetables and herbs as well as exotic Island fruits, and utilizing a blend of hybrid cooking styles and culinary techniques from both the Eastern and Western traditions; Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine has now won numerous major international culinary awards; the twelve chefs that conceptualized Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine are Sam Choy, Mark Ellman, Roger Dikon, Beverly Gannon, Jean-Marie Josselin, Amy Ferguson Ota, George Mavrothalassitis, Philippe Padovani, Peter Merriman, Gary Strehl, Roy Yamaguchi, and Alan Wong. (See Hawai‘i Regional Cuisine, Chapter 12.)
Gardner, Edmund—Captain of the Balena, a New England whaling ship out of New Bedford, Massachusetts; on September 29, 1819, the Balena was one of the first two whaling ships to come to the Hawaiian Islands (the other was the Equator under the command of Elisha Folger); in the fall of 1819, while anchored in Kealakekua Bay, the Balena harpooned a large sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus; Hawaiian name: palaoa) that yielded more than 100 barrels of oil; by this date, commercial whaling had already begun to diminish whale populations worldwide, and the whales of the Atlantic were already documented as being overhunted. (See The Whaling Era, Chapter 12.)
Garvie, A.—Along with Samuel Mills Damon (1845—1924) and landscape architect Donald MacIntyre, built the first golf course in the Hawaiian Islands in Moanalua Valley, O‘ahu in 1898.
Gay, Francis—In 1884, with cousin Aubrey Robinson founded Gay & Robinson, which became a major sugar producer in the Hawaiian Islands.
Gibson, Walter Murray (1882—1888)—Came to the United States from Northumberland, England with his parents; orphaned as a young boy and raised in South Carolina; after years of travel, went to Salt Lake City in 1860 to become a Mormon missionary; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on July 4, 1861 with the approval of Brigham Young to convert Pacific Islanders; became the leader of a colony of Mormons on Lāna‘i whose leader had returned to Utah three years earlier due to the Mormon War [ten Mormons had arrived in the Hawaiian Islands from the California gold camps on December 12, 1850 and became the first Mormon missionaries in the Hawaiian Islands; on August 8, 1851 at Kealakou, Maui, the first branch of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was established]; excommunicated in 1864 after Mormon church elders found out he had used church funds to purchase about half of Lāna‘i and put it in his own name; in 1865, Mormons from Lāna‘i purchased 6,000 acres (2,428 ha) and in the Lā‘ie region at the base of O‘ahu’s Ko‘olau Mountains [in 1919, the Mormons in Lā‘ie use volcanic rocks and crushed coral to build a smaller version of the Mormon temple in Salt Lake City, Utah; constructed at the base of the Ko‘olau Mountains, the temple is dedicated on November 27, 1919, becoming the first Mormon temple built outside of the continental United States; in 1955, Mormons established the Latter Day Saints Church College of Hawai‘i in Lā‘ie, and Mormon President David O. McKay dedicated the College in 1958; by 1971, Church College had about 1,300 students, many of whom came from various Pacific Islands; in 1974 the school became a branch campus of Provo, Utah’s Brigham Young University, a four-year college with an enrollment of about 2,000 undergraduates; the Mormon temple is considered the “cornerstone” of the college (see Mormons in the Hawaiian Islands, Chapter 12)]; Gibson moved to Hawai‘i Island in 1872; gained control of the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (the largest paper in the Hawaiian Islands at the time) and was appointed as King Kalākaua’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and Premier in 1882; his corrupt activities and dreams of making King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] the “Emperor of the Pacific” (referred to by some as a “calabash empire,”) led to his demise; Gibson was forced out of the position during the 1887 revolution that led to the Bayonet Constitution, which was instigated by a political organization of American merchants called the Hawaiian League and drafted by Kalākaua’s Minister of Interior, Lorrin Andrews Thurston (1858—1931); the League’s membership included Sanford Ballard Dole (1844—1926); the Hawaiian League considered King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] to be corrupt, and when King Kalākaua’s government sold its opium monopoly to a Chinese interest, it was the premise for the Americans to try to restrict King Kalākaua’s power; holding a mass meeting, the League demanded the dismissal of Kalākaua’s Cabinet, including Premier Walter Murray Gibson, and also insisted that Kalākaua sign a new constitution; a radical faction of the League wanted to march to ‘Iolani Palace with guns and annex the Hawaiian Islands to the United States, but Sanford Ballard Dole and the majority only wished to limit King Kalākaua’s monarchical powers; threatened with lynching, Walter Murray Gibson was allowed to leave the Hawaiian Islands; one day later, King Kalākaua signed the new constitution, which was later given the nickname “The Bayonet Constitution,” implying the document was signed at gunpoint; accounts vary on the actual threats that were wielded against the king to force him to attach his signature to the new constitution, but the effects of the new document included drastic changes that severely curtailed King Kalākaua’s power, and ended 23 years of rule under the previous constitution of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); one result of the Bayonet Constitution was that a vote of the Legislature became necessary to replace Cabinet members; the constitution also allowed nobles to be elected by those who owned large amounts of land, and this significantly reduced the power of Asians and native Hawaiians; the constitution allowed the Legislature to override the king’s veto, and extended voting rights to all Europeans and Americans who would take an oath to support the new constitution; one view of these events attributes the new constitution to mercantile, commercial and industrial interests, including the Chamber of Commerce, sugar planters, and missionary store workers who banded together with the aim of abrogating the monarchy, declaring the Hawaiian Islands a Republic, and annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States; politically known as the “down-town party,” they sought to reduce King Kalākaua’s sovereign power; another view emphasizes the corruption said to be taking place among Kalākaua’s Cabinet at the time, particularly by Walter Murray Gibson, King Kalākaua’s Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs (Lee had been appointed to the post in 1878); Gibson’s efforts led to the replacement of William Little Lee (1821—1857) as Minister of Foreign Affairs with John Makini Kapena (1843—1887). (See The Bayonet Constitution, Chapter 12.)
Gill, Thomas P.—Served in the House of Representatives (1962—1964) Lieutenant Governor (Democrat) of Hawai‘i from 1966 to 1970.
Gilmore, John W.—Served as President of the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (1908—1913); [the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts was established in downtown Honolulu in 1907 (opening on September 15, 1908) as a result of a resolution introduced in the Legislature by Senator William Joseph Coelho; it was renamed College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1911, and renamed the University of Hawai‘i in 1920].
Goebel, Art—Winner of the Dole Air Derby, held on August 16, 1927; Goebel’s navigator was William Davis; the Dole Air Derby was billed as the first trans-oceanic flight race, with entrants competing for the prizes of $25,000 and $10,000, which were offered by James Drummond Dole, president of Hawaiian Pineapple Company; eight planes left Oakland, California for the Hawaiian Islands; this was the first race from the United States Mainland to the Hawaiian Islands; a total of ten lives were lost when two planes crashed on take-off; two planes encountered difficulties and had to turn back; and two planes disappeared over the Pacific Ocean; Goebel and Davis flew the monoplane Woolaroc, finishing with just 4 gallons (15 liters) of fuel to spare; taking second place was Martin Jensen (with navigator Paul Schluter) in the Aloha. (See Aviation, Chapter 12.)
Golovnin, Vasily (1776—1831)—Russian captain; arrived on O‘ahu in 1818 on the Russian ship Kamchatka during an expedition surveying Russian enterprises in the North Pacific; had been sent on a round-the-world journey by Russia after the fall of Napoleon I; in October of 1818 the Russian captain anchored the Kamchatka at Kailua-Kona on Hawai‘i Island and met King Kamehameha I; later commented on King Kamehameha’s “honesty and love of justice”; wrote about King Kamehameha in the final year of the king’s life; published Around the World on the Sloop “Kamchatka” (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1979), which was translated by Ella Lury Wiswell.
Goodale, Holbrook M.—Married Juliet (Rice) Wichman (1901—1987) and they would have two sons before he died in a plane crash on O‘ahu.
Goodhue, Bertram—Architect and designer of the O‘ahu Railway & Land Train Terminal, which opened at 325 North King Street in 1927 near the piers of Honolulu Harbor; the building’s style is Spanish Mission Revival; the Terminal structure features a somewhat open arcade area on the ground floor, stucco walls, a red tile roof, and a four-sided clock tower; the building was placed on the Hawai‘i Register of Historic Places in 1987, and the National Register in 1979; the O‘ahu Railway & Land Company was founded in 1889 and run by Benjamin Franklin Dillingham; with the proliferation of paved roads in the early 1900s, train use gradually declined; in 1947 passenger service ended and the building was used as a bus depot, then sat empty for a time before being utilized by other businesses; a $1.6 million major renovation took place in 2001.
Goodrich, Joseph (1794—1852)—Born in Connecticut; attended Yale College; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then known as the Sandwich Islands) with the Second Company of American missionaries on April 27, 1823 on the Thames, which was under the command of Reuben Clasby; ordained in 1826 at Kailua on Hawai‘i Island; husband of Martha Barnes Goodrich, and together they would have seven children; with Samuel Ruggles (1795—1871), established a mission station at Hilo on Hawai‘i Island in 1824; served at the Hilo mission station until 1835; involved in agricultural pursuits; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820); superintendent of the Honolulu book bindery and printing office; moved back to the United States with his family in 1836.
Goodrich, Martha Barnes—Wife of Joseph Goodrich (1794—1852); together they would have seven children.
Gordon, George W.—In command of the British sidewheel steamer Cormorant on May 22, 1846 when it became the first steam vessel to arrive in the Hawaiian Islands under power.
Gould, Thomas—American sculptor; in Italy in 1880, cast a statue of King Kamehameha I; this original statue was lost in transport to the Hawaiian Islands when the vessel carrying it sank off the Falkland Islands; after the loss of the original, a new statue was ordered, and this duplicate statue was sent to the Hawaiian Islands, arriving in Honolulu in 1882; on February 12, 1883, King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] had an official coronation on the grounds of the newly completed ‘Iolani Palace in Honolulu; the coronation marked the beginning of King Kalākaua’s support of traditional Hawaiian practices, including the revival of hula; as part of the ceremony, a statue of King Kamehameha I was unveiled across the street from ‘Iolani Palace in front of Ali‘iōlani Hale, the judiciary building (see Statue of King Kamehameha I in O‘ahu section, Chapter 2); the original statue of King Kamehameha I (which was later recovered), is now on the island of Hawai‘i where it stands in front of the North Kohala Civic Center in Kapa‘au, near King Kamehameha’s birthplace (see Kapa‘au and Hāwī in Hawai‘i section, Chapter 2); the King Kamehameha I statue is about 8½ feet (2.6 m) tall, showing the warrior king holding an ihe (spear), and wearing a mahiole (feather-crested helmet); he is also wearing an ‘ahu ‘ula (royal feather cloak) a malo (loin cloth), and kāma‘a‘ie (braided sandals); the statue is said to represent King Kamehameha I at the age of about 45; a royal proclamation in 1872 began the recognition of what was then known as Commemoration Day but is now known as King Kamehameha Day, which is celebrated every June 11; on this date the King Kamehameha I statue is draped with many different types of lei, some more than 26 feet (8 m) long.
Grace, Mark—Corporal in the Sixth Aero Squadron on November 19, 1918, when his plane went into a tailspin and crashed; this was the first aviation fatality in the Hawaiian Islands (See Aviation, Chapter 12.)
Gray, Sam—Joined with Israel Ka‘ano‘i Kamakawiwo‘ole (1959—1997), Louis “Moon” Kauakahi, and Jerome Koko in the 1970s to form the Mākaha Sons of Ni‘ihau; over a 15 year period the Mākaha Sons released ten albums, toured the United States, and won numerous Nā Hōkū Hanohano awards; they also hosted an annual Mākaha Bash on Memorial Day at the Waikīkī Shell. (See Bruddah Iz, Chapter 12.)
Green, Jonathan—American Protestant missionary; served at Maui’s Lahaina mission station (which was established in 1823); served at Maui’s Wailuku mission station (which was established in 1832); served on Hawai‘i Island at the Kailua mission station (which was established in 1824).
Gregg, John—Architect; designed the Lāwa‘i, Kaua‘i home of Robert Allerton, the Chicago industrialist; philanthropist and arts patron who paid $50,000 in 1937 for the 125-acre (51-hectare) McBryde estate on Kaua‘i’s Lāwa‘i Bay; [the ahupua‘a (natural watershed land division) of Lāwa‘i had been purchased by Elizabeth McBryde for $5,000 in 1886, after the former owner, Queen Emma [Emma Na‘ea Rooke; Kalanikaumakeamano; Kaleleonālani], passed away in 1885]; after Allerton purchased the estate and built a new house on Lāwa‘i Bay, he furnished it with antiques and expensive art; Allerton, who was 64 at the time, also expanded the estate’s gardens; Allerton and Gregg moved to Kaua‘i permanently in 1938, and began the detailed planning and designing of the property’s landscape, including planting many tropical, exotic, and rare plants and trees; the 100-acre (40-ha) Allerton Garden includes sculptures, fountains, and pools as well as prodigious landscaping and many notable plant specimens; chartered by the United States government in 1964, the National Tropical Botanical Garden acquired the site in 1971; the 252-acre (102-ha) McBryde Garden includes perhaps the largest collection of federally listed endangered plant species found anywhere; research is ongoing, and the Garden’s expert botanists and researchers have developed propagation techniques that are helping to preserve these many unique plants; the herbarium at the site includes more than 27,000 dried plant specimens, while the research library houses about 8,000 volumes and serials; the preserve encompasses 186 acres (75 ha), with another 100 acres (40 ha) near the coast; the coastal area is known as Allerton Garden; tours depart from the Visitor Center to both the Allerton Garden and the McBryde Garden; a bus brings visitors along an old railroad grade to the Lāwa‘i Bay and the Gardens; tours of Allerton Garden include a walk through the estate, while tours of the McBryde Garden include bus rides between different areas of the property [National Tropical Botanical Garden, 808-332-7361, 3530 Pāpālina Road, Kalāheo, open daily 8-5; Visitor Center, 808-742-2623, Lāwa‘i Beach Road, Po‘ipū; Allerton Garden Tour, Tuesday to Saturday (4 times per day), 2½ hour tour. McBryde Garden Tour, Mondays only (2 tours), http://www.ntbg.org/] (See National Tropical Botanical Garden—McBryde Garden / Allerton Garden in Kaua‘i section, Chapter 2.)
Gregory, Edna (Hope)—In 1908, married Herbert Ernest Gregory (1869—1952).
Gregory, Herbert Ernest (1869—1952)—Born in Michigan; graduated from Yale (1896), earned a doctorate Yale (1899); director of Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (1919—1936); in 1908, married Edna Hope and they would have one daughter; with Ralph Simpson Kuykendall (1885—1963), published A History of Hawaii (New York: MacMillan, 1926).
Gruen, Victor—Architect, with Leo S. Wou, of The Financial Plaza of the Pacific, built in 1968 at the corner of King and Bishop Streets in Honolulu.
Gulick, Fanny (Hinckley)—Married Peter Johnson Gulick (1796—1877) in September of 1827; they arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on March 30, 1828, with the Third Company of American missionaries on the Parthian under the command of Richard D. Blinn; the couple initially served from 1835 to 1843 at the Kōloa mission (which was established in 1834); then from 1828 to 1835 at the Waimea mission (which was established in 1820); then from 1843 to 1846 at Moloka‘i’s Kalua‘aha mission (which was established in 1832); then from 1846 to 1857 at Waialua on O‘ahu; Fanny and Peter had six sons (all ordained ministers), including Orramel Hinckley Gulick (1830—1923) and Luther Halsey Gulick (1828—1891), and one daughter (who was also involved in foreign mission work).
Gulick, Luther Halsey (1828—1891)—Son of Peter Johnson Gulick (1796—1877) and Fanny (Hinckley) Gulick; medical missionary; served in the Caroline and Marquesas Islands; founded the influential Hawaiian language newspaper Ka Nupepa Kū‘oko‘a, which began publication in 1861 and continued until 1927, making it the longest running Hawaiian language paper. (See Early Publications, Chapter 12.)
Gulick, Orramel Hinckley (1830—1923)—Son of Peter Johnson Gulick (1796—1877) and Fanny (Hinckley) Gulick; served on Hawai‘i Island at the Wai‘ōhinu mission station (which was established in 1841); among the first Protestant missionaries in Japan.
Gulick, Peter Johnson (1796—1877)—Born in New Jersey; graduated from Princeton College (1825) and Princeton Theological Seminary (1822); married Fanny Hinckley Thomas in September of 1827; they arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on March 30, 1828, with the Third Company of American missionaries on the Parthian under the command of Richard D. Blinn; the couple initially served from 1835 to 1843 at the Kōloa mission station (which was established in 1834); then from 1828 to 1835 at the Waimea mission station (which was established in 1820); then from 1843 to 1846 served at Moloka‘i’s Kalua‘aha mission station (which was established in 1832); served as superintendent of Moloka‘i’s schools; served from 1846 to 1857 at O‘ahu’s Waialua mission station (which was established in 1832); Peter and Fanny had six sons (all ordained ministers) and one daughter (also involved in foreign mission work); children included Orramel Hinckley Gulick (1830—1923) and Luther Halsey Gulick (1828—1891).
Gunn, Tom—Pioneer of Hawaiian aviation; completed the first passenger flight in the Hawaiian Islands on July 13, 1913, when he took two people (a theater worker and a tailor) on a flight over Schofield Barracks. (See Aviation, Chapter 12.)
Guslander, Grace (Buscher)—Hired as manager of Kaua‘i’s Coconut Palms Hotel in 1953 by owner Lyle Guslander, who she married in 1969; the couple built the hotel into a prominent resort, including 393 rooms on about 35 acres (14 ha); instituted a torch-lighting ceremony (later adopted by many other hotels) known as “Call to Feast,” beginning at 7:30 p.m. every evening; the resort was destroyed by Hurricane ‘Iniki on September 11, 1992; [the eye of Hurricane ‘Iniki passed directly over Kaua‘i; a ferocious gust of wind within the hurricane was clocked at 227 miles per hour (365 km/hr); property damage on Kaua‘i due to Hurricane ‘Iniki totaled more than three billion dollars, including damage to over 70% of Kaua‘i’s homes; in all, about 14,000 homes and apartments were damaged, including 1,421 that were completely destroyed]; Grace instituted other traditions including having a doorman blow a conch shell when guests checked in; groves of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera; Hawaiian name: niu) on the site were originally planted by William Lindeman, and the hotel was named after the trees; much of the filming of the Elvis Presley movie Blue Hawaii was shot on the grounds of Coco Palms Hotel (with other filming done on Kaua‘i at Wailua Beach, Lydgate Park, Kealia Beach, and Anahola Bay); on April 12, 1961, Elvis Presley began filming the movie, which was his first on Kaua‘i and also his most commercially successful movie; in the film, Elvis plays Chad Gates, who avoids working in his family’s pineapple business by working for a travel agency; notable Elvis songs in the movie included Blue Hawaii, Rock-a-Hula Blues, and Can’t Help Falling in Love; Elvis also sang the renowned Hawaiian song Aloha ‘Oe, which was written by Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]; the Hawaiian Wedding Song was sung by Elvis in the famous wedding scene atop a canoe in the Coco Palms lagoon; in 1967, Elvis and Priscilla Presley were married in Las Vegas; the couple then came to Hawai‘i, where Elvis re-enacted the famous Blue Hawaii wedding scene at Coco Palms, and renewed his vows to Priscilla.
Guslander, Lyle—Purchased the 24-room Coconut Palms Hotel in Wailua, Kaua‘i; in 1953, hired Grace Buscher as manager, and they married in 1969; the couple built the hotel into a prominent resort, including 393 rooms on about 35 acres (14 ha); the resort was destroyed by Hurricane ‘Iniki on September 11, 1992; [the eye of Hurricane ‘Iniki passed directly over Kaua‘i; a ferocious gust of wind within the hurricane was clocked at 227 miles per hour (365 km/hr); property damage on Kaua‘i due to Hurricane ‘Iniki totaled more than three billion dollars, including damage to over 70% of Kaua‘i’s homes; in all, about 14,000 homes and apartments were damaged, including 1,421 that were completely destroyed]; Grace instituted other traditions including having a doorman blow a conch shell when guests checked in; the groves of coconut palms (Cocos nucifera; Hawaiian name: niu) on the site were originally planted by William Lindeman, and the hotel was named after the trees; much of the filming of the Elvis Presley movie Blue Hawaii was shot on the grounds of Coco Palms Hotel (with other filming done on Kaua‘i at Wailua Beach, Lydgate Park, Kealia Beach, and Anahola Bay); on April 12, 1961, Elvis Presley began filming the movie, which was his first on Kaua‘i and also his most commercially successful movie; in the film, Elvis plays Chad Gates, who avoids working in his family’s pineapple business by working for a travel agency; notable Elvis songs in the movie included Blue Hawaii, Rock-a-Hula Blues, and Can’t Help Falling in Love; Elvis also sang the renowned Hawaiian song Aloha ‘Oe, which was written by Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani]; the Hawaiian Wedding Song was sung by Elvis in the famous wedding scene atop a canoe in the Coco Palms lagoon; in 1967, Elvis and Priscilla Presley were married in Las Vegas; the couple then came to Hawai‘i, where Elvis re-enacted the famous Blue Hawaii wedding scene at Coco Palms, and renewed his vows to Priscilla.
Haalilio, Timoteo (1808—1844)—Converted to Christianity and studied under the Reverend Hiram Bingham (1789—1869); learned to read and write Hawaiian and English; private secretary of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); served on Treasury Board; left on a journey to London on July 18, 1842 accompanied by Reverend William Richards (1793—1847) to seek confirmation of the independence of the Hawaiian Kingdom, joining Sir George Simpson (1792—1860) (whose company financed the trip); negotiations between the three envoys (Simpson, Haalilio, and Richards), began in February of 1843; on November 28, 1843 in London, an agreement was signed acknowledging French and British recognition of Hawai‘i’s independence; then they traveled to Washington D.C. in the summer of 1844 where American recognition was granted; Timoteo Haalilio passed away of tuberculosis on December 3, 1844 on the way back to the Hawaiian Islands.
Hackfeld, Heinrich (Henry) (1815—1887)—Born in Germany; captained a trading ship on the China coast; with his brother-in-law J. C. Pflueger, in 1849, founded a merchandising firm in Honolulu; later moved to Fort Street (later the site of Liberty House); exported sugar and imported plantation equipment as H. Hackfeld & Company; in 1852, appointed consul in Hawai‘i for Germany, Sweden, and Norway; retired in 1861; the German-owned H. Hackfeld & Company assets were liquidated during World War I, and then purchased by American Factors, Ltd. (later renamed Amfac), one of Hawai‘i’s “Big Five” companies (the other four were Theo H. Davies; C. Brewer & Co.; Alexander & Baldwin; and Castle & Cooke); with their interlocking directorates, the “Big Five” companies cooperated to control every aspect of their trade, from the workers in the fields to the laws and politics of the Hawaiian Kingdom [in 1933, the amount of land in the Hawaiian Islands dedicated to sugar production totaled more than 250,000 acres (101,170 ha), and about 96 percent of the sugar crop was controlled by the “Big Five” companies (see The Sugarcane Era, Chapter 12).]
Hagemeister, Leonth Andreanovic[h]—In command of the Russian Imperial ship Neva when it returned to the Hawaiian Islands on January 27, 1809, having previously arrived under the command of Captain Urey [Yurii; Iurii] Lisiansky [Lisianskii] (1770—1846); on board the Neva in 1809 was Archibald Campbell (1787—1821), who later became a sailmaker for King Kamehameha I; Campbell remained in the Hawaiian Islands for more than one year and wrote extensively about native Hawaiian life; Campbell’s writings included observations of King Kamehameha I as he ruled all of the Hawaiian Islands. (See Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Chapter 2.)
Haili, Clarissa [Hilo Hattie] (1901—1979)—As a child sang with the choir of Kealaula Oka Malamala [Ke Alaula o ka Mālamalama] Church (located on Church Street); worked from 1923 to 1939 as a teacher at Waipahu Elementary school; in 1939, joined with Harry Owens and his Royal Hawaiian Serenaders in San Francisco; comic-hula performer; in 1942, starred in the first all-color feature film using scenes from the Hawaiian Islands; the film is Song of the Islands, a Betty Grable-Victor Mature movie, including scenes filmed on Hawai‘i Island; known as “Aunty Clara”; entertained for nearly thirty years, including being featured in several films; known for wearing her coconut hat and holokū; married four times, including a sixteen-year marriage to Theodore Inter and then, in 1949, a marriage to Carlyle Nelson, a North Dakota violinist who later formed a band that appeared with Hilo Hattie at Los Angeles’ Roosevelt Hotel.
Haili, Leinaala—Renowned falsetto singer.
Hall, Edwin Oscar—American Protestant missionary; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820); father of Cornelia (Hall) Jones; prominent early missionary printer at the Hale Pa‘i (Printing Office), which was constructed of coral blocks in 1823 in Honolulu; [missionary Elisha Loomis used a second hand iron and mahogany Ramage press brought on the Thaddeus to complete the first printing in the North Pacific region at the grass-thatched Hale Pule (Christian Meeting House) on January 7, 1822]; the Hale Pa‘i (Printing Office) became the home of the Mission Press, which eventually printed millions of pages in the Hawaiian language; language teachers and translators utilized the lead-type press and were helped by nā kānaka pa‘i (native Hawaiian assistants); the first book published in the Islands came off the press in 1823, and was entitled Na Himeni Hawaii (Hymns of Hawai‘i); the Hale Pa‘i (Printing Office) was considered the birthplace of the written Hawaiian language, producing books, broadsides, hīmeni (hymns), newspapers, rules, primers, and the first translation of the Bible into the Hawaiian language; [today the complex of missionary buildings is known as the Mission Houses Museum, also called Nā Hale Hō‘ike‘ike O Nā Mikanele (“Exhibition House of the Missionaries”); the Mission Houses Museum is located at 553 S. King Street, Honolulu (across from Kawaiaha‘o Church); Phone: 808-531-0481; Open 9 to 4, Tuesday-Saturday; www.lava.net/ormhm/main.htm.] (See The Mission Houses, Chapter 12.)
Hall, John Wayne (Jack) (1915—1971)—Born in Ashland, Wisconsin; raised in Colorado; became a merchant seaman at age 17; joined Sailors’ Union of the Pacific at age 18; participated in 1934 strike in San Francisco that lasted 90 days and resulted in pay increases for workers (the strikers were confronted by tear gas and Army tanks); in 1935, helped to organize workers on the Honolulu waterfront; on Kaua‘i, Hall participated in longshoremen’s strike lasting ten months; worked to organize the pineapple and sugarcane plantation workers for the International Longshoremen’s & Warehousemen’s Union (ILWU); in the 1930s, the amount of land in the Hawaiian Islands dedicated to sugar production totaled more than 250,000 acres (101,170 ha), and about 96 percent of the sugar crop was controlled by the “Big Five” companies that controlled the sugarcane industry in the Hawaiian Islands: Theo H. Davies; American Factors (Amfac); C. Brewer & Co.; Alexander & Baldwin; and Castle & Cooke; with their interlocking directorates, the “Big Five” companies cooperated to control every aspect of their trade, from the workers in the fields to the laws and politics of the Hawaiian Kingdom (see The Sugarcane Era, Chapter 12); in 1940, a strike by longshore plantation workers at Kaua‘i’s Ahukini port lasted 298 days, the longest to date; by this time the ILWU had become a formidable union under regional director Jack Hall’s leadership; his work led to the organization of two Kaua‘i plantations by 1942; assisted in getting stevedoring contracts signed (the first); drafted the Territory of Hawai‘i’s first wage and hour law in 1942; worked as an inspector for the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations (Wage and Hour Division); married Yoshiko Ogawa in 1942; served on Hawai‘i War Labor Board and Hawai‘i War Manpower Commission; appointed as Hawai‘i’s regional director (1944—1969); passage of the Hawai‘i Employment Relations Act in 1945 empowered agricultural workers and allowed the ILWU to begin organizing workers on pineapple and sugar plantations; on September 1, 1946, 28,000 workers from 33 sugar plantations went on a statewide strike against the Hawai‘i Employers Council; the ILWU represented the strikers in this action, which became known as the Great Hawai‘i Sugar Strike and lasted 79 days; the union was victorious, and ILWU national chief Harry Bridges stated that Hawai‘i was no longer a feudal colony; on May 1, 1949, the ILWU led by Jack Hall went on strike against Hawai‘i’s “Big Five” companies; the strike shut down the docks as the union demanded wage parity with workers on the United States Mainland; the ILWU strike lasted more than five months and became known as the Great Hawaiian Dock Strike, crippling the flow of goods to the Islands, which were almost totally dependent upon shipping; the strike resulted in statewide food shortages and caused the bankruptcy of many small businesses; labor organizers were accused of participation in a Communist plot (this was during the McCarthy era); the dock strike ended on October 23, 1949 when return-to-work agreements were signed by the ILWU and six waterfront companies; the parties involved asked the government to end the seizure of docks in the Hawaiian Islands; on April 1, 1950, the House Un-American Activities Committee held hearings at ‘Iolani Palace in Honolulu to investigate alleged Communist infiltration of the labor movement, issuing subpoenas to 70 people including Honolulu ILWU leader Jack Kawano; when Kawano and 38 others refused to testify, the “Reluctant 39” were charged with contempt of Congress; the United States Supreme Court later threw out the charges; on August 28, 1951, seven union organizers, including Jack Hall, the ILWU’s regional director in the Hawaiian Islands, were indicted for violating the Smith Act (advocating the use of force or violence to overthrow the United States government); the seven were convicted after a seven-month trial in 1952-53, with one of the men sentenced to three years in prison and six of the men given five year terms; the verdict led to an all-Islands walkout of union members; Jack Hall served no time while the six others served just one week before being bailed out; in 1955, the AFL and CIO merged into one union; after repeated appeals, and then a 1957 United States Supreme Court ruling that the teaching of Communism is not illegal, the “Hawai‘i Seven” verdict was overturned in 1958 by the 9th United States Circuit Court of Appeals.
Hall, Nelson—Began publication, on July 30, 1836 with S. D. MacIntosh, of the four-page weekly Sandwich Island Gazette and Journal of Commerce, the first English-language newspaper in the Hawaiian Islands and the first weekly English-language newspaper published west of the Rockies; the weekly continued publication until July of 1839.
Hall, Yoshiko (Ogawa)—Married John Wayne (Jack) Hall in 1942; from ‘Ōla‘a on Hawai‘i Island.
Halprin, Laurence—Designed the plaza of The Financial Plaza of the Pacific, built in 1968 at the corner of King and Bishop Streets in Honolulu; the architects were Leo S. Wou and Victor Gruen.
Hamelin—Rear Admiral; in command of the French naval frigate Virginie when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on March 22, 1846; repayed the $20,000 that had been demanded by Captain Laplace in 1839; [Cyrille Pierre Theodore Laplace arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on July 9, 1839 in command of the Navy frigate Artemise; commissioned by the French government to demand rights for French citizens in the Hawaiian Islands “with all the force that is yours to use,” and to seek “complete reparation for the wrongs which have been committed”; despite the earlier Edict of Toleration issued by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), Laplace threatened war and made a series of demands that included freedom of worship for Catholics, a site for a Catholic Church, and $20,000 in reparations (which was paid by local merchants); Laplace’s threats of war forced King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) to agree to a treaty with five demands related to allowing Catholic worship in the Hawaiian Islands; this was in response to King Kamehameha III’s earlier ordinance rejecting the Catholic religion; the demands were met by Kuhina Nui (Premier) Kekāuluohi [Miriam ‘Auhea] and Governor Kekuanao‘a] (See French/Catholics, Chapter 12.)
Hamilton, Thomas H.—Served as (acting) President of the University of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] (1968—1969); [the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts was established in downtown Honolulu in 1907 (opening on September 15, 1908) as a result of a resolution introduced in the Legislature by Senator William Joseph Coelho; it was renamed College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1911, and renamed the University of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1920].
Hanna, James—Captain of an unnamed fur-trading brig that stopped in the Hawaiian Islands in 1785 on its way to China, making it the first trading ship to stop in the Islands.
Hannemann, Muliufi Francis—Mayor of City and County of Honolulu (2004—Present).
Harbottle-Boyd, James—Special Commissioner to King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua]; raised the Hawaiian flag at Kure Atoll, formerly known as Ocean Island (Hawaiian name: Kānemiloha‘i) having arrived there on the Waialeale after being dispatched there to rescue the crew of the 258-foot (79-m) three-masted British sailing ship Dunnottar Castle, which had sailed at full speed into the reef at Kure on July 15, 1886, due to a faulty chronometer; the Dunnottar Castle was built in 1874 and home-ported in Scotland; the iron-hulled ship and its 28-member crew had sailed for Wilmington, California on June 9, 1886 from Sydney, Australia carrying a cargo of coal; when the hold of the nearly 260-foot (79-m) ship began to fill with water, the crew set up camp on shore, finding just a few brackish pools of water along with evidence of the earlier shipwreck of the Saginaw; on July 24, 1886, six of the Dunnottar Castle’s crew, including the boatswain, loaded 238 gallons (901 liters) of water and 28 days worth of food into a small, open lifeboat and set out to get help; about one month later they reached Mokumanamana (Necker Island) but couldn’t get near it, and then spotted Mokumanu (Nihoa Island), which appeared barren and waterless—they continued on; finally, after sailing more than 1,200 miles (1,931 km) in 52 days at sea, they approached Kalihiwai on Kaua‘i’s north shore; some Hawaiians on the shore sighted the distressed survivors and assisted them in reaching the land; the survivors were first taken to Hanalei Bay, and from there the interisland steamer Makee took them to Wai‘anae, O‘ahu; on September 10, 1886 the survivors finally arrived in Honolulu and received assistance in organizing a rescue of the remaining Dunnottar Castle crew members at Kure Atoll; the British commissioner in Honolulu commissioned the steamer Waialeale, and then the Hawaiian monarchy sought another charter in order to reach Kure first due to fears that the British intended to claim Kure; the British commissioner eventually deferred to the monarchy, agreeing to share the cost of the charter and allow the Hawaiian flag to be raised at Kure; when the Waialeale arrived at Kure, the remaining survivors had already been rescued by the ship Birnam Wood, which was en route to Valparaiso from Hong Kong; the Birnam Wood left behind a barrel with some drinking water and a note in a bottle attached to a post; the crew of the Waialeale planted various trees on Kure’s islets, including coconut palms (Cocos nucifera; Hawaiian name: niu), kukui trees (Aleurites moluccana, Common name: candlenut), monkeypods, and other trees; they also built a tin-roofed wooden shack and water catchment to aid the crews of future shipwrecks; in 2006, the wreck of the Dunnottar Castle was discovered by the head of Kure’s State Wildlife Refuge, Cynthia Vandelip, who was working with a team from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on the research vessel Hi‘ialakai, which is equipped with multibeam sonar that produces detailed relief maps of the ocean floor; the shipwreck of the Dunnottar Castle was found to be incredibly well preserved, including the ship’s masts, rigging, and wrought iron hull, which had fallen open onto the seafloor. (See Kānemiloha‘i—Kure Atoll, in Northwestern Hawaiian Islands section, Chapter 2.)
Harbottle, John—Harbor pilot; father of two daughters who were successively married to Alexander Adams (1780—1870).
Harris, Jeremy—Mayor of City and County of Honolulu (1994—2004).
Hartwell—Judge who arranged for military forces to come ashore under the pretense of protecting American lives and property on January 16, 1893; this occurred just after Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani] had declared in an official proclamation (to appease those who opposed her) that changes to the constitution would only be made with the consent of the Legislature; two mass meetings were held, one by supporters of annexation, and the other by supporters of Queen Lili‘uokalani; United States Minister to Hawai‘i John Leavitt Stevens ordered the troops from the U.S.S. Boston ashore in Honolulu, saying it was necessary to protect American lives and property; Stevens claimed the Americans were in danger and had no protection; troops from the U.S.S. Boston came ashore on January 16 at 5 p.m.; the troops marched down King Street past Ali‘iōlani Hale and ‘Iolani Palace, and then stationed themselves at Arion Hall, across from ‘Iolani Palace; meanwhile, the Committee of Public Safety met to further their plans for a Provisional Government.
Hasbrouck, Henry C.—West Point graduate and Civil War veteran; Brigadier-General; named after him in 1914 was Battery Hasbrouck, with eight twelve-inch mortars able to fire projectiles 15,200 yards (13,900 m); [Fort Kamehameha Military Reservation was established in 1907 at the entrance to Pearl Harbor at Hickam Air Force Base, becoming the only United States fort to be named after a foreign king; soon constructed was a series of coastal artillery batteries, a “Ring of Steel” including long-range guns and mortars to fortify O‘ahu’s harbors; coastal batteries at Fort Kamehameha included Battery Selfridge, Battery Randolph, Battery Jackson, Battery Hawkins, Battery Hasbrouck, and Battery Closson.] (See Military Bases in the Hawaiian Islands, Chapter 12.)
Hattie, Hilo—See Haili, Clarissa.
Hawke, Red—In 1928, wrote the song, “May Day is Lei Day in Hawai‘i”; this was the same year that Nina Bowman was chosen as the first Lei Day Queen; many consider this to be the beginning of the Lei Day holiday celebrated each May 1 in the Hawaiian Islands, when everyone is encouraged to make, give away, and wear lei; Lei Day became an official holiday of the Territory of Hawai‘i in 1929; in 1934 the Honolulu city government began sponsoring a celebration of the holiday; most schools celebrate Lei Day with festivals, and there are many events held throughout the Hawaiian Islands; Honolulu selects its Lei Day Queen on the first Saturday of March. (See Lei Day—May 1, Chapter 12.)
Hawkins, Hamilton Smith—Brigadier-General; led troops in the famous charge up the hill at the Battle of San Juan Hill (Cuba, 1898); named after him in 1914 was Battery Hawkins, which had two three-inch rapid fire rifled cannon able to fire 15-pound projectiles 11,100 yards (10,150 m), which was within range of the entrance to Pearl Harbor; [Fort Kamehameha Military Reservation was established in 1907 at the entrance to Pearl Harbor at Hickam Air Force Base, becoming the only United States fort to be named after a foreign king; soon constructed was a series of coastal artillery batteries, a “Ring of Steel” including long-range guns and mortars to fortify O‘ahu’s harbors; coastal batteries at Fort Kamehameha included Battery Selfridge, Battery Randolph, Battery Jackson, Battery Hawkins, Battery Hasbrouck, and Battery Closson.] (See Military Bases in the Hawaiian Islands, Chapter 12.)
Heen, William Haehae (1883—1973)—Born in Olowalu, Maui; attended ‘Iolani School and Punahou School, then graduated from Hastings Law School in San Francisco, California in 1904; joined the bar of the Territory of Hawai‘i (1905); in 1911, married Mercy K. Akua and they would have five children; Hawai‘i County deputy attorney (1910—1915); deputy attorney general of Territory of Hawai‘i (1915—1917); Hawai‘i County third judge of First Circuit Court (1917—1919); City and County of Honolulu attorney (1919—1925); Senator (1926—1957); president of the Senate (the first Democrat to hold the post), established Heen & Kai law firm in 1925 (which later became Heen, Kai, & Dodge); president of Heen Estates Ltd.; co-founder of Hawaiian Civic Club with Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi (1871—1922); involved in various business enterprises; in 1962 was given Order of the Splintered Paddle award by Honolulu Chamber of Commerce; represented the defendants accused of the criminal assault of Thalia Massie (c.1910—1963), the 20-year-old wife of United States Navy lieutenant Thomas H. Massie; Thomas and Thalia Massie attended a party on September 12, 1931 at Honolulu’s Ala Wai Inn (a Honolulu nightclub formerly on the site of the present location of the Hawai‘i Convention Center), and was later found beaten and assaulted with her jaw broken in two places; told authorities that she had been forced into a car and taken to Ala Moana Park where she was raped; five plantation workers who allegedly raped Thalia Massie (a Caucasian) were detained that night and taken to her hospital room, where she apparently identified the driver of the car, though later evidence claimed she only identified the attackers as “Hawaiian”; a medical report did not show any evidence of rape; further, there were rumors that Thalia’s husband had discovered her with another man, and had himself beaten her; the detained men, who were charged with criminal assault, were: Joseph Kahāhāwai [Kehahawai] (Joe Kalani) (Hawaiian); Shomatsu (Horace) Ida (Japanese); Henry Chang (Chinese-Hawaiian); Ben Ahakuelo, Hawaiian; and David Takai (Japanese-Hawaiian); despite evidence pointing to the innocence of the detained men, they were assumed guilty by the national press, which ran stories about the brute locals preying on white women; the accused men were later set free due to lack of evidence, with a deadlocked jury that had taken 97 ballots in more than 100 hours of deliberation, on December 6, 1931, it was determined that the jury was deadlocked and could not agree on a conviction, and a mistrial was declared; the release of the accused men fueled racial tensions and violence in Honolulu, including animosity between the military and local residents; the story garnered national attention; while a retrial was still pending, Shomatsu (Horace) Ida was kidnapped and beaten on December 12, 1931; on January 8, 1932, one of the defendants, 20-year-old Joseph Kahāhāwai, who was said to have been the leader of the “School Street gang,” was kidnapped by Thalia Massie’s husband and mother and two Navy men; Kahāhāwai taken to a home in MānoaValley that had been rented by Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue (Thalia’s mother), and there Kahāhāwai was shot and killed; they placed the slain Kahāhāwai’s body in the trunk of their car and drove toward the rocky coastline near Koko Crater where they planned to dump the body; during the drive they were stopped by police and Kahāhāwai’s body was discovered in the back of the car; all four—Lieutenent Thomas H. Massie (husband of Thalia Massie), Grace Hubbard Bell Fortescue, E. J. Lord, and Albert O. Jones—were indicted for second degree murder; Thomas H. Massie took responsibility for shooting Kahāhāwai, but his lawyer, the renowned Clarence Darrow, told the court his client was temporarily insane; the four were convicted on April 30, 1932 of manslaughter (with a recommendation of leniency) after 49 hours of deliberation by a jury under Judge Charles S. Davis, and they were sentenced to ten years hard labor at Oahu [O‘ahu] Prison; Governor Lawrence Judd (1877—1968) immediately commuted the sentence to one hour, to be served in his office; the attack on Thalia Massie, as well as the subsequent vigilante action and controversial court decisions contributed to racial tensions in the Islands for years to come; Thalia Massie later lived in Florida where she committed suicide in 1963.
Heftel, Cecil—Served in the House of Representatives beginning in 1976.
Hegenberger, Albert—Lieutenant in the United States Army; with Lieutenant Lester Maitland, completed the first non-stop flight to the Hawaiian Islands (Wheeler Field at Schofield Barracks, O‘ahu) from the United States Mainland (Oakland, California) in the Fokker C-2-3 Wright 220 tri-motor plane Bird of Paradise on June 28-29, 1927; the flight took 25 hours and 50 minutes; at the time, this was the longest all-water flight. (See Aviation, Chapter 12.)
Helm, George Jarret (Jr.)—Disappeared with James “Kimo” Mitchell in 1977 during their attempt to reclaim Kaho‘olawe for native Hawaiians. (See Kaho‘olawe, Chapter 2.)
Hemenway, Charles Reed (1875—1947)—Born in Manchester, Vermont; graduated from Yale University; studied law in New York; married James Munson Colburn in 1901; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1899; appointed as Attorney General of the Territory of Hawai‘i in 1907; in 1915, began serving as director of Alexander & Baldwin, one of Hawai‘i’s “Big Five” companies; served as vice president and assistant general manager of Alexander & Baldwin (1922—1938); president of Hawaiian Trust Company (1937—1945); College of Hawai‘i (later became University of Hawai‘i) Board of Regents member (1910—1940); Hemenway Hall, the student union building at the University of Hawai‘i Mānoa, was built in 1938 and named after him.
Hemmeter, Chris—Developer; in the 1980s, purchased the property of the Army and Navy YMCA Building at 250 South Hotel Street (formerly the site of the Royal Hawaiian Hotel) for $11 million and completed $30 million in renovations, including the addition of a four-story annex at the rear of the building; the State of Hawai‘i purchased the building in 2000, and it now houses the collection of the Hawai‘i State Art Museum; the Army and Navy YMCA Building originally opened in 1928; the property was purchased by the YMCA in 1917, and then $800,000 in renovations were completed under the direction of architect Lincoln Rogers; the building’s style is Spanish Mission Revival, somewhat resembling an Italian palazzo; the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
Henry—Captain of the Hellespont on December 5, 1834 when it arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) carrying the Seventh Company of American missionaries.
Henry, Prince—Prussian Prince; visited King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] in 1879.
Heuck, Theodore (1830—1877)—Born in Hamburg, Germany; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands from Australia in 1850; engineer, carpenter, and Honolulu’s first resident architect; spent his first decade in the Hawaiian Islands in partnership with Hermann J. F. Von Holt; Heuck’s first architectural project in the Hawaiian Islands was Queen’s Hospital (named after Queen Emma [Emma Na‘ea Rooke; Kalanikaumakeamano; Kaleleonālani] (1836—1885), the wife of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani)); served in the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom from 1864 to 1867; consul for the North German Confederation, Denmark, and Prussia; designer and construction supervisor of the Royal Mausoleum, which was built in 1865 in Nu‘uanu, O‘ahu at Mauna‘ala (“Fragrant mountain”[ii]); the Mausoleum was planned by King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma for their deceased son, the Crown Prince Albert [Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Leiopapa o Kamehameha] (1858—1862) (see 1862); the second body placed in the Mausoleum is King Kamehameha IV; other deceased royalty were later transferred from the first Royal Mausoleum at ‘Iolani Palace to the new Royal Mausoleum, which now holds the remains of King Kamehameha II through V as well as King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua], Queen Lili‘uokalani [Lydia Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani], and other important persons of Hawai‘i’s past; designer of the medieval looking ‘Iolani Barracks, which opened in 1871 (construction began in 1866), featuring firing loops built into the walls and archery parapets located atop the building; the structure is originally known as Halekoa and used by the Kingdom’s army, formerly called the Household Troops and comprised of about 60 soldiers; an inner courtyard area was used for roll call; the army was later known as the Household Guard under King Kalākaua, or Royal Guard, and included the Royal Hawaiian Band; ‘Iolani Barracks was originally constructed on the site where the State Capitol now stands; stone by stone, ‘Iolani Barracks was moved in 1965 to its present location, at 364 South King Street on the ‘Iolani Palace grounds, and completely restored; ‘Iolani Barracks was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 (see ‘Iolani Barracks in O‘ahu section, Chapter 2); Heuck was made a Knight of the Order of King Kamehameha I before leaving Honolulu in 1874; passed away in Hamburg, Germany.
Hiatt, Robert W.—Served as (acting) President of the University of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] (1968—1969); [the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts was established in downtown Honolulu in 1907 (opening on September 15, 1908) as a result of a resolution introduced in the Legislature by Senator William Joseph Coelho; it was renamed College of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1911, and renamed the University of Hawaii [Hawai‘i] in 1920].
Hickam, Horace M.—Lieutenant Colonel; passed away in 1934 in Fort Crockett, Texas in an airplane accident; an Air Force base in Honolulu was named after him.
Hillebrand, Anna (Post)—Married William Hillebrand (1821—1886) in 1852.
Hillebrand, William (1821—1886)—Prussian doctor who arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1851 and started a medical practice; married Anna Post in 1852; became a royal physician working at Queen’s Hospital (named after Queen Emma [Emma Na‘ea Rooke; Kalanikaumakeamano; Kaleleonālani] (1836—1885), the wife of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani)); in 1860, Hillebrand was named head physician at Queens; member of the Privy Council of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); experimented with various plants, animals, and birds, including many non-native species; in 1855, purchased property at Nu‘uanu Avenue and Vineyard Boulevard in downtown Honolulu from Queen Kalama [Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili Kalama [Kamālama]], the wife of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); planted a garden there on the site of his former home; in 1890, Hillebrand’s property was sold to Captain and Mrs. Thomas R. Foster; in 1930, 6 acres (2.4 ha) of the property (at Nu‘uanu Avenue and Vineyard Boulevard in downtown Honolulu) was dedicated as a city park and botanical garden, now known as Foster Botanical Gardens; Hillebrand also worked with the Bureau of Immigration in 1865, including a trip to China, and was instrumental in importing workers from the Madeira Islands, beginning the immigration of many Portuguese laborers to the Hawaiian Islands; left Hawaiian Islands in 1871; became famous for his botany work, including an 1888 book that became the most thorough source regarding Hawaiian flora.
HiloHattie—See Haili, Clarissa.
Hind, John—Son of Robert Robson Hind (1832—1901) and Mary (Urwin) Hind; traveled with his parents to Vancouver B.C., where Robert was employed as an engineer; about one year later Robert traveled to Hilo on Hawai‘i Island, and soon after the rest of the family joined him; took over his father’s substantial business interests after his father retired in 1844 and moved to San Francisco.
Hind, Mary (Urwin)—Married Robert Robson Hind (1832—1901) and they would have six children; the couple and their son John traveled to Vancouver B.C. where Robert was employed as an engineer; about one year later Robert traveled to Hilo on Hawai‘i Island, and soon after the rest of the family joined him.
Hind, Robert Robson (1832—1901)—Born in England, married Mary Urwin and they would have six children; the couple and their son John traveled to Vancouver B.C. where he was employed as an engineer; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands about one year later to install machinery in a Hilo sugar mill; his family arrived soon after; in 1872, worked in partnership with Henry Perrine Baldwin (1842—1911) and Samuel Thomas Alexander (1836—1904); founded the Hawi [Hāwī] Mill & Plantation Company; also involved with Kona sugar and coffee operations; retired in 1844 and moved to San Francisco; his substantial business interests were taken over by his son John Hind; started the Hind-Clarke Dairy in 1924 in an eastern suburb area of Honolulu that is now named after him, ‘Āina-Haina (“Hind’s Land”[iii]).
Hirono, Mazie—Lieutenant Governor (Democrat) of Hawai‘i from 1994 to 2002.
Hitchcock, David Howard (1861—1943)—Grandson of Harvey Rexford Hitchcock (1800—1855) and Rebecca (Howard) Hitchcock; prominent artist; in 1898, married Hester Judd Dickson.
Hitchcock, Elizabeth—American Protestant missionary; served at Moloka‘i’s Kalua‘aha mission station (which was established in 1832).
Hitchcock, Harvey Rexford (1800—1855)—Born in Massachusetts; attended Williams College; ordained in 1831 at Auburn Theological Seminary; married Rebecca Howard in 1831 and they sailed with the Fifth Company of American missionaries on the whale ship Averick, which was under the command of Captain Swain, arriving in the Hawaiian Islands on May 17, 1832; Harvey and Rebecca would have four children; grandfather of David Howard Hitchcock (1861—1943); in November of 1832, established the Kalua‘aha mission station on Moloka‘i (the island’s first Christian mission); the base of a hala tree (pandanus tectorius, screwpine) was his pulpit; in 1874, Father Damien built Our Lady of Sorrows Catholic Church on the site.
Hitchcock, Hester Judd (Dickson)—Married David Howard Hitchcock (1861—1943) in 1898.
Hitchcock, Rebecca (Howard)—Married Harvey Rexford Hitchcock (1800—1855) in 1831 and they sailed with the Fifth Company of American missionaries on the whale ship Averick, which was under the command of Captain Swain, arriving in the Hawaiian Islands on May 17, 1832; Rebecca and Harvey had four children; grandmother of David Howard Hitchcock (1861—1943).
Ho, Don (1930—2007)—Born on August 30, 1930 in Kaka‘ako, O‘ahu; son of James Ah You Puao Ho and Emily L. (Silva) “Honey” Ho; ethnicity was Hawaiian, Chinese, Dutch, Portuguese, and German; one of eight children; grew up in Kāne‘ohe, O‘ahu; graduated from Kamehameha Schools in 1949; earned the rank of first lieutenant in the United States Air Force, serving from 1954 to 1959; from 1959 to 1961 performed in a Kāne‘ohe bar that was owned by his parents and named Honey’s (his mother’s nickname); earned a bachelor’s degree in sociology from the University of Hawai‘i; married Melvamay Kolokea Wong (his high school sweetheart), and they would have six children; released Tiny Bubbles in 1966, and in the following years performed in many major cities on the United States Mainland; released his second album, Don Ho – Again!, in 1966; had his own television show and also appeared on numerous other television shows, including Batman (1966); I Dream of Jeanie (1967); Rowan & Martin’s Laugh-In (1970); the Tonight Show (his first appearance was in 1971); the Bob Hope Show (1972); The Brady Bunch (1972); Sanford and Son (1976); Charlie’s Angels (1977); Fantasy Island (1979); the Conan O‘Brien Show (1995); Live! With Regis and Kathy (1995), and many others; performed at numerous Waikīkī venues, including Duke Kahanamoku’s club in the International Market Place and Don Ho’s, Waikīkī; opened Don Ho’s Island Grill in Aloha Tower Marketplace in 1998; suffered from the life-threatening heart condition known as cardiomyopathy; on November 8, 2005, underwent Adult Stem Cell surgery in Thailand to increase the strength of his heart muscles; on January 22, 2006, performed at Hoku Hale Showroom in Waikīkī; Don Ho was a staple of the Waikīkī music scene for more than four decades; his biggest hits were Tiny Bubbles (by Leon Pober), I’ll Remember You (by Kui Lee); One Paddle, Two Paddle, Lahainaluna, Pearly Shells, She’s Gone Again, and The Days of My Youth; albums by Don Ho included: The Don Ho Show Live From Hawaii; East Coast/West Coast; Hawaii Ho!; Home in the Country; Tiny Bubbles; I Think About You; Live at the Polynesian Palace; Suck ‘em Up; You’re Gonna Hear From Me; Instant Happy; The Don Ho Christmas Album; Hawaii Right Now! Don Ho Presents the Ali‘is; Don Ho’s Greatest Hits, and others; father of Donald Jr., Donalei, Dwight, Dondi, Dayna, and Dori with Melvamay Ho; father of Kaimana and Hoku with Patricia Swallie Choy; father of Kea Lii and Kea with Elizabeth Guevara; married Haumea Hebenstreit in September of 2006; passed away due to a heart attack on April 14, 2007.
Ho, Emily L. (Silva) “Honey”—Wife of James Ah You Puao Ho; Emily and James were the parents of Don Ho (1930—2007) and seven other children. (See Don Ho, Chapter 12.)
Ho, Haumea (Hebenstreit)—Wife of Don Ho (1930—2007).
Ho, James Ah You Puao Ho—Husband of Emily L. (Silva) “Honey” Ho, and they were the parents of Don Ho (1930—2007) and seven other children. (See Don Ho, Chapter 12.)
Hollis—Captain of the bark Samoset, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then referred to as the Sandwich Islands) on February 26, 1848 carrying the Twelfth (and final) Company of American missionaries.
Ho, Melvamay Koloakea (Wong)—Wife of Don Ho (1930—2007) (they were childhood sweethearts), and they were the parents of Donald Jr., Donalei, Dwight, Dondi, Dayna, and Dori; passed away in 1999. (See Don Ho, Chapter 12.)
Holman, Lucia (Ruggles)—Sister of Samuel Ruggles (1795—1871); wife of Dr. Thomas Holman (1793—1826), who was the first medical missionary in the Hawaiian Islands and Kaua‘i’s first medical doctor; Thomas and Lucia spent four months on Kaua‘i in 1821; Lucia delivered babies Nancy Wells Ruggles (1791—1873) and Mercy Partridge Whitney; after her husband was excommunicated from the church due to grievances brought against him by Reverend Hiram Bingham (1789—1869), Lucia and Thomas left the Hawaiian Islands on October 10, 1821 and sailed back to Boston, Massachusetts.
Holman, Thomas (1793—1826)—Born in Connecticut; attended New York’s Cherry Valley Medical School; attended Cornwall Mission School; arrived in the Hawaiian Islands (then known as the Sandwich Islands) with the First Company of American missionaries on the brig Thaddeus, which was under the command of Andrew Blanchard, and sailed from Boston for the Hawaiian Islands on August 23, 1819, and arriving in the Hawaiian Islands on March 31, 1820, reaching Kailua-Kona on April 4, 1820 to begin their congregational mission work; first medical missionary in the Hawaiian Islands; married Lucia Ruggles; Kaua‘i’s first medical doctor, spending four months on Kaua‘i in 1821 with his Lucia; later excommunicated from the church due to grievances brought against him by Reverend Hiram Bingham (1789—1869); the Holmans left the Hawaiian Islands on October 10, 1821, sailing back to Boston.
Holmes, Oliver—Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1792 on the American ship Margaret; became one of the first foreigners to take up residency in the Hawaiian Islands; later became Governor of O‘ahu.
Holt, John Dominis—Wrote the essay On Being Hawaiian in 1963; the essay was considered by many to be a seminal work inspiring a cultural reawakening that came to be known as the “Hawaiian Renaissance”; some of the events associated with this increasing cultural awareness were: the revival of Polynesian canoe culture and navigation; protests against the use of Kaho‘olawe by the military for bombing practice; cultural events reviving hula and ancient traditions; an increase in Hawaiian language programs in schools and universities; and inspirational works by artists, musicians, composers, writers, and political activists.
Hooper, William Northey (1809—1878)—Born in Boston; in 1835, became partner in Ladd & Company with William Ladd and Peter Brinsmade; appointed as manager of Koloa [Kōloa] Plantation in southern Kaua‘i; this was the first commercial sugarcane plantation in the Hawaiian Islands; the land was originally leased from King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) for $300/year; the initial planting consisted of 25 acres (10.1 ha) of sugarcane and coffee; the Koloa [Kōloa] Plantation used techniques first developed in China to grind and process their sugarcane; the plantation also invented new methods of grinding, harvesting, and milling sugarcane, serving as the model for sugar plantations throughout the Hawaiian Islands.
Hosmer, Ralph Sheldon (1874—1963)—Born in Deerfield, Massachusetts, earned a bachelor’s degree at Harvard University in 1894 and a masters at Yale University; worked in United States Department of Agriculture; from 1904 to 1914 was superintendent of forestry for the Territory of Hawai‘i (the first forester of the Territory of Hawai‘i), delineating many forest-reserve boundaries; in 1914, began work as a professor of forestry at Cornell University; planted a grove of trees (now known as Hosmer Grove) in Maui’s Haleakalā National Park. (See Haleakalā National Park, Chapter 2.)
Houston, Caroline Poor Kahikiola (Brickwood)—Mother of Victor Stewart [Stuart] Kaleoaloha Houston.
Houston, Victor Stewart [Stuart] Kaleoaloha (1876—1959)—Born in San Francisco; son of Edwin Samuel (a naval officer) and Caroline Poor Kahikiola (Brickwood) Houston; graduated from the United States Naval Academy (1897); served in the United States Navy for 32 years, retiring as a commander; during World War I he was commander of the cruiser St. Louis; married Pinao G. Brickwood in 1910; Territorial Delegate to Congress (Republican) from 1927 to 1933; introduced the first act aimed at statehood; chaired the Hawaiian Homes Commission; spoke Hawaiian; served on the Lili‘uokalani Trust Board of Trustees.
Hughes, Howard—Anchored the Glomar Explorer off Lahaina, Maui on August 16, 1974; the ship was used to recover part of a sunken Soviet submarine.
Hull, Isaac—Commodore on Pacific Exploring Squadron on the flagship U.S.S. United States; the first lieutenant on the ship was John Percival (1779—1862), who was later in command of the armed schooner Dolphin when it arrived in Honolulu on January 16, 1826.
Hunnewell, James (1794—1869)—Arrived in the Hawaiian Islands in 1817 on the Bordeaux Packet, which was under the command of Andrew Blanchard; left the Hawaiian Islands on the Osprey; returned to the Hawaiian Islands in 1820 on the Thaddeus with the First Company of American missionaries; arranged a deal in which the Hawaiian government traded a cargo of sandalwood (Santalum species; Hawaiian name: ‘iliahi) for a brig and a schooner; commanded the Missionary Packet, a ship he had sailed around Cape Horn from Boston; continued to trade between China and the West Coast for several years, and also sets up a mercantile business in Honolulu; left the Hawaiian Islands in 1830, and in 1836 Captain Charles Brewer became a partner in the firm; under the control of Charles Brewer, the company was renamed C. Brewer & Co. and specialized in providing supplies for whaling ships; C. Brewer & Co. was later involved in sugar and molasses, and became one of Hawai‘i’s “Big Five” sugar companies (Theo H. Davies; American Factors (Amfac); C. Brewer & Co.; Alexander & Baldwin; and Castle & Cooke); presented clock tower (built in Boston) to Kawaiaha‘o Church in 1842; the church’s clock tower was a gift of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and continues to keep accurate time (see Kawaiaha‘o Church, Chapter 12); in 1850, Hunnewell, Brewer, and Henry Augustus Peirce formed a partnership in a freighting business between Boston and prominent Pacific ports, with C. Brewer & Co. as the agent in Honolulu; C. Brewer & Co. became the agent for three Maui plantations in 1863.
Hunt, Timothy D.—American Protestant missionary; served at the Honolulu mission station (which was established in 1820); served at Maui’s Lahainaluna School, which was founded in 1831 by missionaries as a seminary of advanced education for young Hawaiian men, with an overarching missionary goal of advancing Christianity; served on Hawai‘i Island at the Wai‘ōhinu mission station (which was established in 1841).
[i] Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. Hawaiian Dictionary: Revised and Enlarged Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986.
[ii] Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[iii] Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
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